Table 7.
Heat shock protein as a protein biomarker in plants' adaptive response to various abiotic stress
| Stress | Plant | Analytical Technique | Family/loci | Mechanisms/process | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heat | Vitis vinifera L. | RNA-seq and qRT-PCR |
Family: sHSP LOC100263791 |
Accumulation of HSP prevents the damaging effects of heat stress by regulating the folding/ unfolding of cellular proteins and proteolytic degradation of proteins | Liu et al. (2012) |
| Heat | Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Cardenal | SDS Page, IEF and western blot |
Family: HSP70 Locus: ABW76421 Family: sHSP Locus: er-sHSP |
The overexpression of HSP improves heat stress tolerance by regulating the movement of proteins across the membrane and facilitating the refolding of denatured proteins | Polenta et al. (2020) |
| Drought | Oryza sativa L. | qRT-PCR |
Family: HSP 81-1 LOC4345951 |
The elevation of the HSP gene expression enhances drought tolerance by preventing cellular proteins from denaturation | Verma et al. (2022) |
| Heat, drought, salinity, and heavy metal (cadmium) | Hordeum vulgare L. | qRT-PCR |
Family: HSP70 LOC123453062 Family: HSP90 LOC123406222 |
Increased HSP expression promotes stress tolerance by regulating various biological activities, such as stabilizing macromolecular structures, controlling cell signalling, and influencing plant growth | Chaudhary et al. (2019) |
| Ultraviolet radiation | Arachis hypogaea L. | SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF | Not specified | Increased expression of HSP enhanced tolerance to UV radiation | Du et al. (2014) |
| Drought | Pisum sativum L. | SDS-PAGE, Western blot and qRT-PCR |
Family: HSP22 LOC127075470 |
An increased cellular concentration of HSP confers tolerance by binding to proteins to prevent aggregation and protect the plasma membrane structure | Avelange-Macherel et al. (2015) |
| Heat and Drought | Triticum aestivum L. | SDS-PAGE |
Family: sHSP LOC123124987 Family: HSP70 LOC100415839 |
Upregulation of HSP enhances stress tolerance by ensuring proteins are in their structural conformations and inducing the degradation of harmful polypeptides | Grigorova et al. (2011) |
| Heavy metal (Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) | Zea mays L. | SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting |
Family: sHSP LOC100283886 |
An Increased cellular concentration of HSP protects the photosynthetic pigments from damages caused by heavy metal stress | Heckathorn et al. (2004) |