Figure 3.

CTSC overexpression enhanced EMT through the YAP signaling pathway. A. CTSC-overexpressing cells are transfected with siRNA for YAP. Knockdown of YAP significantly changes the expression of EMT markers and MMPs. B, C. Transwell migration and invasion assay showing that YAP knockdown inhibits CTSC-induced cell migration and invasion. The number of cells in five randomly chosen fields is counted. Data are presented as the means ± standard deviation and are evaluated using Student’s t-test (n = 3). Scale bar, 200 μm. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001.