Fig. 2.

Lipid composition and functions of myelin and alterations in oligodendrocytes and myelin in the AD brain. (A) Lipid composition of myelin. The myelin sheath contains high levels of lipids (70–85%) and low protein levels (15–30%). Lipids in the myeline sheath comprise 40% cholesterol, 40% phospholipids, and 20% glycolipids. In contrast, most biological membranes contain the same levels of proteins and lipids, and the lipid composition is 25% cholesterol, 65% phospholipids, and 10% glycolipids. The figure was created based on reference [98]. (B) Functions of the main lipid species of myelin. (C) Oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelin are negatively affected in patients with AD.