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Origin of microglia in mice. Microglia stem from immature erythromyeloid precursors (EMPs) that depart the yolk sac blood island around E7.5, regulated by PU.1 and RUNX. By E9.5, these EMPs reach the neuroepithelium, giving rise to embryonic microglia, which mature into the fully developed form. Essential for mature microglia's growth are IL‐34 and CSF‐1, vital factors that support their proliferation.
