Fig. 6.

Effect of E-trans-2-nonenal-loaded PLGA NP on NTHi biofilms. (A) Biofilm formation by three NTHi strains in the absence/presence of a range of NP concentrations, determined by OD₅₇₀ measurement after crystal violet staining. Grey columns indicate untreated controls. Arrows indicate MIC. Each bar shows mean values ± SD; **, p < 0.005; ***, p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. Statistical comparisons of the means were performed with one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's multiple comparisons test. (B) Biofilm viable counts by three strains after 6 h treatment with a panel of NP concentrations, determined by mechanical disruption and CFU counting. In each case, mean values ± SD are shown; ****, p < 0.0001. Statistical comparisons of the means were performed with one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's multiple comparisons test.