Fig. 2.

Phage display panning cycle is a powerful technique used in recombinant antibody engineering. It involves the fusion of antibody fragments with coat proteins on the surface of bacteriophages. By introducing genetic diversity into the antibody genes through random mutagenesis or recombination techniques, vast libraries containing billions of different antibody variants can be generated. The phage display library is then subjected to multiple rounds of selection against the desired target antigen. During each round, non-binding phages are washed away while those that bind specifically to the target are retained. The bound phages can then be eluted and amplified for subsequent rounds of selection until highly specific antibodies are obtained.