Table 3.
Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between survivors and non-survivors on day 90
| Variables | Total study population* (n = 40) | Survivors at day-90* (n = 19) | Non-survivors at day-90* (n = 21) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, in years, mean ±SD | 43.3 ± 12.2 | 41.5 ± 13.5 | 44.9 ± 10.9 | 0.38 |
| Gender—male | 35 (88) | 16 (84.2) | 19 (90.4) | 0.64 |
| Fever at presentation | 27 (67.5) | 9 (47.3) | 18 (85.7) | 0.01 |
| Altered sensorium | 21 (52.5) | 6 (31.5) | 15 (71.4) | 0.01 |
| Alcoholic cirrhosis | 32 (80) | 15 (78.9) | 17 (80.9) | 0.09 |
| Previous decompensation | 17 (42.5) | 8 (42.1) | 9 (42.9) | 0.96 |
| Infection as precipitant | 19 (47.5) | 6 (31.5) | 13 (62) | 0.05 |
| Spider nevi | 18 (45) | 5 (26.3) | 13 (62) | 0.02 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL, Median (IQR) | 16.1 (10.1,26.1) | 14.1 (8.4, 23) | 19.5 (10.9, 26.6) | 0.64 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL, Median (IQR) | 1.6 (0.8,2.4) | 1.2 (0.8, 2.4) | 1.8 (1.4, 3.2) | 0.02 |
| INR | 2.2 (1.8,3.2) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.3) | 2.8 (2.2, 4.0) | 0.02 |
| MAP, mm Hg, mean ± SD | 69.9 ± 8 | 71.1 ± 7.8 | 68.9 ± 8.2 | 0.40 |
| Sodium, mEq/L, mean ± SD | 130.7 ± 5.2 | 131.7 ± 3.5 | 129.8 ± 6.3 | 0.12 |
| TLC (103 counts/cu.mm), Median (IQR) | 12.5 (7.9, 16.9) | 10.2 (6.6,16.5) | 13(11,19) | 0.07 |
| Liver failure | 28 (70) | 13 (68.4) | 15 (71.4) | 0.84 |
| Coagulation failure | 17 (42.5) | 4 (21) | 13 (62) | 0.009 |
| Cerebral failure | 16 (40) | 6 (31.5) | 10 (47.6) | 0.30 |
| Renal failure | 14 (35) | 6 (31.5) | 8 (38) | 0.67 |
| Circulatory failure | 4 (10) | 0 (0) | 4 (19.5) | 0.11 |
| Respiratory failure | 3 (7.5) | 1 (5.3) | 2 (9.8) | 1.00 |
| ACLF grade I | 13 (32.5) | 9 (47.3) | 4 (19.5) | 0.01 |
| ACLF grade II | 17 (42.5) | 9 (47.3) | 8 (38) | 0.01 |
| ACLF grade III | 10 (25) | 1 (5.3) | 9 (42.9) | 0.01 |
| CLIF-C-ACLF score, mean ± SD | 49.2 ± 8.7 | 44.11 ± 6.62 | 53.86 ± 7.83 | <0.001 |
| CLIF-C-OF score day 1, Median (IQR) | 10 (10,12) | 10 (10,11) | 12 (11,13.5) | <0.01 |
| CLIF-C -OF score day 3, Median (IQR) | 10 (9.2,12.8) | 10 (9, 10) | 12 (10, 15) | 0.005 |
| CLIF-C-OF score day 7, Median (IQR) | 10 (8,12.2) | 9 (8, 10) | 13 (10, 15) | 0.02 |
| MELD score, mean ± SD | 32.3 ± 6.6 | 29 ± 5.4 | 35 ± 6.2 | 0.002 |
| MELD – Na score, mean ± SD | 33.5 ±6.2 | 30.1 ± 4.8 | 36.6 ± 5.9 | <0.001 |
| CTP score, mean ±SD | 12.2 ± 1.5 | 11.4 ± 1.7 | 12.9 ± 0.8 | 0.02 |
| ICU admission | 14 (35) | 2 (10.5) | 12 (57.1) | <0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay, days, median (IQR) | 9 (7,13.75) | 9 (7,16) | 9 (4,12) | 0.46 |
*all are numbers (percentages) unless specified in the variable column. ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; CLIF-C, chronic liver failure-consortium; CTP, Child-Turcotte-Pugh score; ICU, intensive care unit; INR, international normalized ratio; IQR, interquartile range; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; Na, sodium; OF, organ failure; SD, standard deviation; TLC, total leukocyte count. Bold values are statistically significant (p < 0.05)