Table 2.
Anthropometric indicators and nutritional intake of the participants (n = 9,631)
| Characteristics | Non- Gastroesophageal reflux | Gastroesophageal reflux |
P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric indicators | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.47 ± 4.64 | 27.62 ± 4.56 | 0.292 |
| WHR | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 0.138 |
| VFA (cm2) | 121.60 ± 51.47 | 126.01 ± 52.10 | 0.008 |
| PBF | 33.69 ± 9.45 | 34.60 ± 9.68 | 0.003 |
| BFM (kg) | 24.99 ± 9.56 | 25.60 ± 9.52 | 0.052 |
| Nutritional intake | |||
| Bread and cereals (gr/d) | 550.39 ± 1.73 | 533.70 ± 4.94 | 0.065 |
| Legumes (gr/d) | 35.71 ± 0.32 | 35.32 ± 0.92 | 0.690 |
| Dairy (gr/d) | 478.58 ± 3.92 | 453.64 ± 11.19 | 0.035 |
| Nuts (gr/d) | 9.17 ± 0.11 | 9.81 ± 0.33 | 0.066 |
| Sweets and desserts(gr/d) | 61.46 ± 0.41 | 63.52 ± 1.17 | 0.039 |
| Tea and coffee (gr/d) | 752.22 ± 5.42 | 736.10 ± 15.44 | 0.324 |
| Salt (gr/d) | 4.29 ± 0.03 | 4.38 ± 0.08 | 0.364 |
| Red &white meat (gr/d) | 139.80 ± 0.74 | 141.12 ± 2.10 | 0.045 |
| Egg (gr/d) | 21.62 ± 0.21 | 20.71 ± 0.59 | 0.148 |
| Vegetables (gr/d) | 287.68 ± 1.80 | 277.63 ± 5.15 | 0.045 |
| Fruits (gr/d) | 290.57 ± 2.19 | 298.77 ± 6.23 | 0.214 |
| Hydrogenated fats (gr/d) | 20.58 ± 0.21 | 20.17 ± 0.59 | 0.514 |
| Fiber (gr/d) | 26.75 ± 0.13 | 25.76 ± 0.33 | 0.010 |
| Sugar (gr/d) | 143.83 ± 68.48 | 149.91 ± 62.61 | 0.007 |
| Added sugar (gr/d) | 8.89 ± 1.84 | 8.92 ± 1.74 | 0.540 |
| Macronutrients and Energy | |||
| Carbohydrate (gr/d) | 416.21 ± 153.06 | 401.21 ± 141.98 | 0.002 |
| Lipid, fat (gr/d) | 79.83 ± 34.21 | 76.77 ± 33.10 | 0.006 |
| Protein (gr/d) | 92.19 ± 37.66 | 88.27 ± 19.63 | 0.001 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 2716.27 ± 977.43 | 2613.59 ± 917.88 | 0.001 |
Descriptive report: Frequency (percentage) for qualitative variables, mean ± Standard deviation for quantitative data
* Using t-test and chi-square test