Table 4.

Serum Concentrations of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Prior to LVAD Implantation in Patients Suffering from Infection Within the First 3 Months Following LVAD Implantation and in Infection-Free Patients

	Infection Group (n = 23)	Non-Infection Group (n = 31)	p value
IL-1β [pg/mL]	2.27 ± 5.22	2.06 ± 5.06	0.44
IL-2 [pg/mL]	0.10 ± 0.32	0.09 ± 0.29	0.46
IL-4 [pg/mL]	0.04 ± 0.11	0.02 ± 0.09	0.20
IL-6 [pg/mL]	53.9 ± 50.7	48.8 ± 58.0	0.37
IL-10 [pg/mL]	0.49 ± 1.22	0.25 ± 0.75	0.19
IL-17A [pg/mL]	0.18 ± 0.51	0.43 ± 1.15	0.14
IFN-γ [pg/mL]	0.69 ± 2.96	0.07 ± 0.22	0.16
TNF-α [pg/mL]	0.42 ± 0.85	0.66 ± 0.90	0.16

Abbreviations: IFN-γ, interferon γ; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.