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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 5.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2023 Dec 25;30(1):1380–1390. doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2023.3327193

Table 1: Performance evaluation.

of our method for several data sets. We list the general information about the data set and the results of our benchmarks. Note that the data size is the size of the uncompressed volume, not the OME-Zarr data set we converted them to. We compare our method against a multi-resolution multi-channel page table (MRMCPT) only, and an octree-based approach. Bold font is best.

Data Set Description Data Size and Type, # Resolution Levels DVR Performance
Avg. ms / frame (# channels)
Cache Usage
Avg. GPU mem. / frame (# channels)
graphic file with name nihms-1923182-t0012.jpg Aneurism
256 × 256 × 256
Channels: 1 (simulated 4)
16.8 MB (1) / 67.2 MB (4)
8 bit
Resolution levels: 4
MRMCPT: 5.1 (1) / 15.0 (4)
Octree: 4.8 (1) / 15.8 (4)
Ours: 4.8 (1) / 12.3 (4)
MRMCPT: 9.3 MB (1) / 37.3 MB (4)
Octree: 7.4 MB (1) / 26.4 MB (4)
Ours: 5.7 MB (1) / 19.9 MB (4)
graphic file with name nihms-1923182-t0013.jpg Bonsai
256 × 256 × 256
Channels: 1 (simulated 4)
16.8 MB (1) / 67.2 MB (4)
8 bit
Resolution levels: 4
MRMCPT: 4.7 (1) / 11.9 (4)
Octree: 4.5 (1) / 6.7 (4)
Ours: 4.6 (1) / 6.5 (4)
MRMCPT: 14.3 MB (1) / 54.8 MB (4)
Octree: 9.1 MB (1) / 21.0 MB (4)
Ours: 7.5 MB (1) / 16.5 MB (4)
graphic file with name nihms-1923182-t0014.jpg Kingsnake
1024 × 1024 × 795
Channels: 1 (simulated 4)
833.6 MB (1) / 3.33 GB (4)
8 bit
Resolution levels: 6
MRMCPT: 15.0 (1) / 42.5 (4)
Octree: 11.6 (1) / 60.7 (4)
Ours: 5.1 (1) / 19.8 (4)
 MRMCPT: 0.66 GB (1) / 1.88 GB (4)
Octree: 0.23 GB (1) / 0.89 GB (4)
Ours: 0.13 GB (1) / 0.48 GB (4)
graphic file with name nihms-1923182-t0015.jpg CyCIF Small
1024 × 1024 × 40
Channels: 29
2.4 GB
16 bit
Resolution levels: 5
MRMCPT: 34.0 (16)
Octree: 122.8 (16)
Ours: 25.7 (16)
MRMCPT: 0.95 GB (16)
Octree: 0.46 GB (16)
Ours: 0.29 GB (16)
graphic file with name nihms-1923182-t0016.jpg Beechnut
1024 × 1024 × 1546
Channels: 1 (simulated 4)
3 GB (1) / 12 GB (4)
16 bit
Resolution levels: 6
MRMCPT: 22.4 (1) / 63.6 (4)
Octree: 24.8 (1) / 84.4 (4)
Ours: 9.5 (1) / 23.6 (4)
 MRMCPT: 0.20 GB (1) / 0.71 GB (4)
Octree: 0.08 GB (1) / 0.23 GB (4)
Ours: 0.06 GB (1) / 0.17 GB (4)
graphic file with name nihms-1923182-t0017.jpg Rayleigh-Taylor Instability [9]
1024 × 1024 × 1024
Channels: 1 (simulated 4)
4 GB (1) / 16 GB (4)
32 bit
Resolution levels: 5
MRMCPT: 11.2 (1) / 24.3 (4)
Octree: 13.8 (1) / 54.9 (4)
Ours: 6.4 (1) / 20.0 (4)
 MRMCPT: 0.13 GB (1) / 0.31 GB (4)
Octree: 0.06 GB (1) / 0.19 GB (4)
Ours: 0.04 GB (1) / 0.14 GB (4)
graphic file with name nihms-1923182-t0018.jpg 3DNeurons15Sept2016
2048 × 2048 × 1718
Channels: 1 (simulated 4)
13.4 GB (1) / 53.6 GB (4)
16 bit
Resolution levels: 6
MRMCPT: 14.4 (1) / 58.2 (4)
Octree: 52.0 (1) / 221.4 (4)
Ours: 14.0 (1) / 37.9 (4)
 MRMCPT: 0.12 GB (1) / 0.47 GB (4)
Octree: 0.13 GB (1) / 0.50 GB (4)
Ours: 0.11 GB (1) / 0.43 GB (4)
graphic file with name nihms-1923182-t0019.jpg CyCIF Large
5632 × 4352 × 160
Channels: 38
149 GB
8 bit
Resolution levels: 9
MRMCPT: 24.4 (4)
Octree: 123.5 (4)
Ours: 22.4 (4)
MRMCPT: 0.24 GB (4)
Octree: 0.20 GB (4)
Ours: 0.17 GB (4)