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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Aging. 2023 Sep 1;132:85–99. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.08.010

Table 1.

Basic participant characteristics across age groups and conditions (N=144)

Younger adults (18~31 years, N = 96) Older adults (55~80 years, N = 48)
Osc+ Osc− Condition
difference
(p)
Osc+ Osc− Condition
difference
(p)
N 49 47 23 25
Age 22.9 (2.4) 22.8 (3.2) .707 65.8 (8.1) 64.6 (5.5) .553
Gender 26 F/23 M 24 F/23 M .845 16 F/7 M 18 F/7 M .853
Education 16.1 (1.6) 15.8 (2.6) .461 17.0 (1.9) 16.3 (2.4) .277
Race .170 .516
African American 4 4 0 6 4 2
Asian 71 37 34 9 5 4
Bi-racial 1 0 1 2 1 1
Caucasian 15 5 10 30 13 17
Other 4 2 2 0 0 0
Prefer not to state 1 1 0 1 0 1
*

p < 0.05

**

p < 0.01

***

p < 0.001, 2-tailed. Note: Condition differences were statistically tested using t-tests for age and education and chi-square tests for gender and race.