Table 3.
Interactions between the RA GRS and respiratory tract diseases for incident RA risk in the Mass General Brigham Biobank*
| Adjusted* OR (95% CI) | Gene-Respiratory Interactions | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory tract disease | GRS-low/Resp+ | GRS-high/Resp− | GRS-high/Resp+ | AP (95% CI) | RERI (95% CI) | Multiplicative OR |
| Overall GRS | ||||||
| Any respiratory tract disease | 1.18 (0.91,1.53) | 2.70 (2.08,3.51) | 2.25 (1.72,2.95) | −0.28 (−0.64,0.08) | −0.63 (−1.39,0.13) | 0.80 (0.68,0.94) |
| Asthma | 1.12 (0.78,1.61) | 2.35 (1.93,2.88) | 2.05 (1.38,3.06) | −0.20 (−0.71,0.30) | −0.42 (−1.34,0.50) | 0.88 (0.68,1.10) |
| Interstitial lung disease | 1.65 (0.52,5.26) | 2.28 (1.89,2.75) | 3.03 (0.97,9.45) | 0.03 (−1.00,1.00) | 0.10 (−3.84,4.04) | 1.37 (0.58,3.22) |
| Pharyngitis | 1.52 (1.03,2.23) | 2.34 (1.92,2.86) | 2.83 (1.82,4.38) | −0.01 (−0.48,0.46) | −0.03 (−1.34,1.28) | 0.86 (0.67,1.11) |
| Acute pharyngitis | 1.48 (0.96,2.30) | 2.28 (1.88,2.77) | 3.47 (2.12,5.69) | 0.20 (−0.22,0.62) | 0.71 (−1.04,2.46) | 0.87 (0.66,1.16) |
| Chronic rhinitis/pharyngitis | 1.48 (0.80,2.75) | 2.34 (1.94,2.83) | 1.52 (0.67,3.48) | −0.85 (−2.47,0.76) | −1.30 (−2.86,0.26) | 0.76 (0.49,1.19) |
| Pneumonia and acute lower diseases | 1.29 (0.84,1.96) | 2.26 (1.86,2.75) | 3.08 (1.99,4.77) | 0.17 (−0.22,0.57) | 0.53 (−0.88,1.94) | 0.91 (0.70,1.19) |
| Sinusitis | 1.61 (1.05,2.49) | 2.36 (1.94,2.88) | 2.45 (1.58,3.80) | −0.22 (−0.80,0.37) | −0.53 (−1.79,0.74) | 0.73 (0.55,0.96) |
| Acute sinusitis | 1.94 (1.12,3.37) | 2.34 (1.93,2.83) | 2.71 (1.46,5.03) | −0.21 (−1.03,0.61) | −0.56 (−2.50,1.37) | 0.68 (0.47,0.99) |
| Chronic sinusitis | 1.47 (0.86,2.52) | 2.34 (1.93,2.84) | 2.07 (1.22,3.50) | −0.36 (−1.00,0.44) | −0.74 (−2.10,0.61) | 0.73 (0.52,1.02) |
| HLA GRS | ||||||
| Any respiratory tract disease | 1.14 (0.88,1.47) | 2.28 (1.76,2.97) | 2.03 (1.54,2.67) | −0.19 (−0.54,0.15) | −0.39 (−1.06,0.28) | 0.78 (0.64,0.95) |
| Asthma | 0.89 (0.62,1.29) | 1.95 (1.60,2.39) | 2.26 (1.51,3.39) | 0.18 (−0.17,0.54) | 0.42 (−0.53,1.37) | 0.99 (0.74,1.32) |
| Interstitial lung disease | 1.10 (0.32,3.77) | 2.00 (1.66,2.43) | 4.30 (1.28,14.38) | 0.51 (−0.16,1.00) | 2.19 (−3.16,7.54) | 1.24 (0.51,2.98) |
| Pharyngitis | 1.36 (0.93,2.00) | 2.03 (1.66,2.48) | 2.75 (1.75,4.32) | 0.13 (−0.29,0.55) | 0.36 (−0.93,1.66) | 0.88 (0.65,1.19) |
| Acute pharyngitis | 1.47 (0.96,2.25) | 2.03 (1.66,2.47) | 3.13 (1.85,5.28) | 0.20 (−0.25,0.65) | 0.63 (−1.06,2.32) | 0.86 (0.61,1.22) |
| Chronic rhinitis/pharyngitis | 1.11 (0.58,2.11) | 2.03 (1.67,2.46) | 2.03 (0.93,4.44) | −0.05 (−0.94,0.83) | −0.11 (−1.84,1.62) | 0.93 (0.54,1.62) |
| Pneumonia and acute lower diseases | 1.54 (1.04,2.27) | 2.09 (1.71,2.55) | 2.38 (1.49,3.81) | −0.10 (−0.67,0.46) | −0.24 (−1.50,1.01) | 0.89 (0.64,1.23) |
| Sinusitis | 1.47 (0.97,2.22) | 2.05 (1.68,2.51) | 2.44 (1.53,3.90) | −0.03 (−0.57,0.50) | −0.08 (−1.36,1.19) | 0.78 (0.56,1.09) |
| Acute sinusitis | 1.89 (1.12,3.20) | 2.07 (1.71,2.52) | 2.47 (1.26,4.83) | −0.20 (−1.00,0.68) | −0.50 (−2.39,1.39) | 0.63 (0.40,0.99) |
| Chronic sinusitis | 1.35 (0.80,2.26) | 2.05 (1.69,2.50) | 2.05 (1.17,3.56) | −0.17 (−0.91,0.56) | −0.36 (−1.70,0.98) | 0.78 (0.52,1.19) |
AP = attributable proportion, CI = confidence interval, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GRS = genetic risk score, HLA = human leukocyte antigen, OR = odds ratio, RA = rheumatoid arthritis, RERI = relative excess risk due to interaction, Resp = respiratory tract exposure
*
Reference group was individuals without respiratory tract disease exposure and lowest two GRS tertiles. Adjusting for age, sex, EHR history, enrollment year, race and ethnicity by principal components, education, body mass index, smoking status, and pack-years. Bold values are statistically significant (p<0.05).