Table 1:
Critical appraisal of quasi-experimental studies
| Citation | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahn and Kim,48 2020 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| al Mheid et al.,39 2016 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Baldwin,52 2015 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Bernocchi et al.,49 2011 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Chan et al.,47 2012 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Kemmler et al.,44 2016 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Kim et al.,42 2011 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Lazarevic et al.,43 2008 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Price et al.,40 2000 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Richardson et al.,50 2008 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Ródenas et al.,45 2005 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Sartorio et al.,46 2001 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Widmer et al.,41 2014 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Siren et al.,51 2016 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Total % | 100 | 100 | 100 | N/A | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Y, yes; N, no; U, unclear; N/A, not applicable.
JBI critical appraisal checklist for quasi-experimental studies
Q1 Is it clear in the study what is the ‘cause’ and what is the ‘effect’ (i.e., there is no confusion about which variable comes first)?
Q6 Was follow-up complete and if not, were differences between groups in terms of their follow-up adequately described and analyzed?
Q2 Were the participants included in any comparisons similar?
Q7 Were the outcomes of participants included in any comparisons measured in the same way?
Q3 Were the participants included in any comparisons receiving similar treatment/care, other than the exposure or intervention of interest?
Q8 Were outcomes measured in a reliable way?
Q4 Was there a control group?
Q9 Was appropriate statistical analysis used?
Q5 Were there multiple measurements of the outcome both pre and post the intervention/exposure?