Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of VALID and EARLI.
Data are presented as n (%), mean (± Standard deviation), or median (interquartile range).
| VALID (n=1140) | EARLI (n=818) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 56 ± 16 | 65 ± 16 |
|
| ||
| Sex (% female) | 490 (43%) | 358 (44%) |
|
| ||
| Race (%) | ||
|
| ||
| White | 971 (85%) | 394 (48%) |
|
| ||
| Black | 150 (13%) | 107 (13%) |
|
| ||
| Asian | -- | 213 (26%) |
|
| ||
| Others | 19 (2%) | 104 (13%) |
|
| ||
| APACHE II Score | 27 (22 – 33) | 26 (20 – 33) |
|
| ||
| Vasopressor use (%) | 548 (48%) | 459 (56%) |
|
| ||
| Temperature (C) | 37.8 ± 1.1 | 37·8 ± 1.4 |
|
| ||
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 87 ± 16 | 88 ± 21 |
|
| ||
| Heart Rate (bpm) | 120 ± 22 | 125 ± 26 |
|
| ||
| Respiratory Rate (breaths/min) | 29 (24 – 35) | 34 (29 – 40) |
|
| ||
| Hypoxia category | ||
| None | 250 (23%) | 196 (27%) |
| Mild | 231 (21%) | 145 (20%) |
| Moderate | 344 (32%) | 225 (31%) |
| Severe | 261 (24%) | 168 (23%) |
|
| ||
| Hematocrit (%) | 30 ± 7 | 30 ± 7 |
|
| ||
| WBC Count (106/mL) | 14 (9 – 21) | 13 (9 – 19) |
|
| ||
| Platelet (109/L) | 168 (97 – 250) | 158 (93 – 230) |
|
| ||
| Sodium (mEq/dL) | 136 ± 5 | 135 ± 6 |
|
| ||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.5 (1.0 – 2.8) | 1.4 (0.9 – 2.4) |
|
| ||
| Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 21 ± 5 | 20 ± 6 |
|
| ||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2·7 ± 0·6 | 2.4 ± 0·7 |
|
| ||
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.1 (0.7 – 2.3) | 1.0 (0.6 – 1.6) |
|
| ||
| Interleukin-6 (pg/mL) | 61 (19-248) | 99 (23 – 688) |
|
| ||
| Interleukin-8 (pg/mL) | 21 (9 – 73) | 19 (8 – 81) |
|
| ||
| Soluble TNF Receptor-1 (pg/mL) | 3602 (2058 – 6773) | 4159 (1976 – 9319) |
|
| ||
| Protein C (% Control) | 60 ± 33 | 83 ± 58 |
|
| ||
| ICAM-1 (ng/ml) | 674 (455 – 1004) | 623 (359 – 1118) |
|
| ||
| PAI1 (ng/ml) | -- | 6 (3-20) |
|
| ||
| Blood Culture Positive | 233 (20%) | 144 (18%) |
|
| ||
| Mechanical ventilation (%) | 716 (63%) | 393 (48%) |
|
| ||
| ICU-free days* | 20 (0-24) | 22 (0 – 25) |
|
| ||
| In-hospital mortality | 276 (24%) | 236 (29%) |
Hypoxia categories were created based on the PaO2/FiO2 or (SPO2/FiO2 converted to PaO2/FiO2) where a value > 300 mmHg was assigned none, 300 - ≥ 200 mmHg was mild, 200 - ≥ 100 mmHg was moderate, and < 100 mmHg was severe.
*
Intensive care unit (ICU) free days were censored at Day 28, such that patients that died before Day 28 were assigned zero ICU-free days.
APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, BP = Blood Pressure, TNF = tumor-necrosis factor, PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule-1, ICU = Intensive care unit.