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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 5.
Published in final edited form as: Chemosphere. 2023 Oct 12;345:140397. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140397

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Association between 1-μg/m3 increase in long-term PM exposure and neurological disorders hospitalization under conventional and causal inference method Note: Model 0 as the conventional Cox proportional hazards model with no covariate adjustment. Model 1 as the model additionally adjusted for age based on Model 0. Model 2 as the model additionally adjusted for gender, ethnicity, education level, marital status, smoking status, medical insurance, physical activity, and NDVI (500 m) based on Model 1. Model 3 as the marginal structural Cox proportional hazards model based on model 2.

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; PM, particulate matter; PM1, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤1 μm; PM2.5, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm; PM10, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm.