Table 5.

Heterogeneity in the Effects of Exposure to Midwifery Laws at Birth and Later-Life Old-Age Mortality

	Outcome: Log Mortality Rate, Subsamples
	Whites (1)	Nonwhites (2)	Females (3)	Males (4)
Exposed to Midwifery Law at Birth	.00358 (.0048)	−.04472** (.02032)	−.00016 (.01345)	−.04695*** (.01447)
Observations	3280	3135	3216	3199
R-squared	.9438	.67888	.6852	.54252
Mean DV	11.136	11.015	11.013	11.139

Notes. Standard errors, clustered at birth-state-year level, are in parentheses. All regressions include birth-state fixed effects, birth-year by region-of-birth fixed effects, birth-state trend, individual controls, and birth-state covariates. Individual controls include dummies for gender and race. Birth-state controls include share of homeowners, share of children, share of immigrants, share of different occupations, literacy rate, share of married people, female labor force participation rate, and average socioeconomic index. Regressions are weighted using average birth-state population.

^***p<0.01

^**p<0.05

^*p<0.1