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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Immunol. 2023 Dec 15;45(1):11–19. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2023.11.001

Figure 4. Feasibility of different NA immunogen design strategies.

Figure 4.

Previous studies on broadly protective HA-based immunogen design have involved the consensus sequence approach [76–78], glycan masking [80, 81], mosaic nanoparticle display [95], epitope removal [54, 55], and generating domain chimera [73]. Our proposed ranking of their feasibility for NA-based immunogen design is indicated via the decreasing black triangle gradient. This ranking is arbitrarily based on the degree of technical challenges that must be overcome.