Table I. Potential cell-wall-related antibiotic and vaccine development targets identified by genomics-related approaches in S. pneumoniae for which mutant and/or animal model studies are available.

Gene and accession No.	Method employed in identification	Possible function	Mutant strain characterization	Animal model results
CbpD; AF278686	Sequence scanning	Protein–protein interactions	Loss of nasopharyngeal colonization	Mutant strain: no reduction in virulence
CbpE; AF278687	Sequence scanning		Loss of nasopharyngeal colonization	Mutant strain: no reduction in virulence
CbpF; AF278688	Sequence scanning		No effect on nasopharynx colonization	Mutant strain: no reduction in virulence
CbpG; AF278688	Sequence scanning	Proteolysis of host macromolecules	Loss of adherence to nasopharynx	Mutant strain: 103 fold reduction in virulence
CbpI; AF278689	Sequence scanning; DNA microarray		No effect on nasopharynx colonization	Mutant strain: no reduction in virulence
CbpJ; AF278690	Sequence scanning; DNA microarray		No effect on nasopharynx colonization	Mutant strain: no reduction in virulence
LytB; CAA09078	Sequence scanning	Glucosaminidase	Loss of adherence to nasopharynx	Recombinant protein: protection from pneumococcal challenge
LytC; CAA08765	Sequence scanning	Lysozyme	Loss of adherence to nasopharynx	Recombinant protein: protection from pneumococcal challenge
PavA; AF181976	Signature-tagged mutagenesis	Fibronectin binding	No binding to immobilized fibronectin	Mutant strain: 104 fold attenuation in virulence
SmcA (PBP1A-like)	Signature-tagged mutagenesis	Peptidoglycan metabolism		Mutant strain: attenuation in virulence
SmcB (YokZ-like)	Signature-tagged mutagenesis	Carboxypeptidation		Mutant strain: attenuation in virulence
SmcC (BacA-like)	Signature-tagged mutagenesis	Undecaprenyl recycling		Mutant strain: attenuation in virulence
PhtA; AF291695	Sequence scanning	Metal/nucleoside binding		Recombinant protein: limited protection from challenge
PhtB; AF318954	Sequence scanning	Metal/nucleoside binding		Recombinant protein: limited protection from challenge
PhtD; AF318955	Sequence scanning	Metal/nucleoside binding		Recombinant protein: protection from challenge with diverse streptococcal subtypes
PhtE; AF318956	Sequence scanning	Metal/nucleoside binding		Recombinant protein: no protection against challenge