Table 1.
Effect of Innate Immune Mediators on B. burgdorferi Infection
| Host gene or molecule affected | Pathogen burden relative to WT mice | Antibody (Ab) development | Disease development | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD1d/Jα18/Vα14 KO1 (no iNKT cells) | Increased | Increased | Increased arthritis, carditis | (Tupin et al., 2008; Olson et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2010; Lee et al., 2014) |
| Complement component C3 KO | Increased | Decreased | Increased | (Lawrenz et al., 2003) |
| E-selectin/P-selectin KO | No change | N/A | No change | (Seiler et al., 1998) |
| Gp91phox (NADPH oxidase subunit) KO | No change | N/A | No change | (Crandall et al., 2005) |
| IFN Type I KO or depleted | No change | No change | Decreased | (Hastey et al., 2014; Ma et al., 2014; Paquette et al., 2017) |
| IFNγ/IFNγR KO or depleted 3 | Increased | N/A | Decreased | (Brown and Reiner, 1999b; Olson et al., 2009; Sonderegger et al., 2012) |
| IL-4/IL-13 KO | No change | Shift from IgG1 to InG2b | No change | (Potter et al., 2000; Satoskar et al., 2000) |
| IL-10 KO | Decreased (skin, heart, joint) | Increased | Increased | (Brown et al., 1999; Lazarus et al., 2006; Sonderegger et al., 2012) |
| IL-12 depleted | Decreased (ear) | Decrease IgG2a only | Decreased arthritis | (Anguita et al., 1996; Anguita et al., 1997) |
| IL-17 KO | No change | No change | No change | (Lasky et al., 2015) |
| Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) KO | Increased early in skin; other tissues are WT | Increased | No change | (Coumou et al., 2019) |
| Myeloid-related protein (MRP) 8/14 KO | No change | No change | No change | (Mason et al., 2018) |
| MyD88 KO | Increased | No change | No change | (Bolz et al., 2004; Behera et al., 2006; Bockenstedt et al., 2006; Bolz et al., 2006) |
| Ncf1/p47phox (NADPH oxidase subunit) KO | No change | No change | No change | (Crandall et al., 2005) |
| Nitric oxide | No change | No change | No change | (Seiler et al., 1995; Brown and Reiner, 1999a) |
| Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) KO | Increased (ear, heart, joint, back skin) | Roughty similar to WT; lesser amounts of lipoprotein-specific Abs | No change | (Wooten et al., 2002; Yoder et al., 2003) |
1
KO – knock-out/gene deletion
2
N/A – Not assessed
3
Depleted – antibody-mediated depletion in mice