Table 2:
Fully adjusted generalized estimating equations for cognitive impairment as a function of pain interference (time-varying), over 6 years among Mexican American adults aged 80+ (n=313).
| Predictor Variables | aOR | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pain Interference | |||
| None | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Untreated | 2.18 | 1.09-4.36 | 0.028 |
| Treated | 1.99 | 1.15-3.44 | 0.014 |
| Time (years) | 1.64 | 1.49-1.81 | <0.001 |
| Age (Years) | 1.07 | 1.00-1.15 | 0.066 |
| Sex | |||
| Men | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Women | 1.56 | 0.86-2.84 | 0.143 |
| Marital Status | |||
| Single | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Married | 0.96 | 0.55-1.67 | 0.880 |
| Years of Education | 0.78 | 0.71-0.85 | <0.001 |
| Nativity | |||
| Mexico Born | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| US Born | 1.00 | 0.58-1.75 | 0.987 |
| Language of Interview | |||
| English | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Spanish | 0.99 | 0.43-2.27 | 0.977 |
| Diabetes | 0.63 | 0.35-1.12 | 0.115 |
| Stroke | 2.87 | 1.14-7.21 | 0.025 |
| Cancer | 1.15 | 0.55-2.42 | 0.713 |
| Hypertension | 0.84 | 0.47-1.49 | 0.546 |
| Arthritis | 0.55 | 0.33-0.94 | 0.030 |
| CES-D score | 1.06 | 1.03-1.09 | <0.001 |
Note: aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.