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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 5.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Neurosci. 2023 Jul 13;26(8):1417–1428. doi: 10.1038/s41593-023-01390-9

Fig. 2 |. Effects of antipsychotic drugs or a failed drug candidate on behavior and D1-SPN/D2-SPN dynamics.

Fig. 2 |

a, Schematic of recording behavior and Ca2+ activity. b, Mean ± s.e.m. locomotor speed during the 15-min recording period after vehicle or antipsychotic drug treatment and the 45-min recording period after amphetamine treatment (****P < 10−4 for comparison to vehicle treatment; ####P < 10−4 compared to vehicle + amphetamine treatment; one-way ANOVA with Holm–Sidak’s multiple comparison test). c, We injected vehicle or antipsychotic drug 25 min before amphetamine treatment and measured PPI 25 min after amphetamine treatment. d,e, Mean ± s.e.m. percent PPI of startle response at three pre-pulse intensities after vehicle or amphetamine-only treatment (d) and averaged across all pre-pulse intensities after vehicle or high dose of drug + amphetamine treatment (e) (****P < 10−4 for comparison to vehicle treatment; ####P < 10−4 compared to vehicle + amphetamine treatment; two-way ANOVA (d) and one-way ANOVA (e) with Holm–Sidak’s multiple comparison test). f, Mean ± s.e.m. D1-SPN and D2-SPN Ca2+ event rates after vehicle or low/high dose of drug + amphetamine treatment, normalized to values after vehicle-only treatment during periods of rest (left) and movement (right). Heat maps depict the ratio of D1-SPN/D2-SPN activity (D1/D2), normalized to the ratio after vehicle-only treatment, or the vehicle-normalized D1-SPN or D2-SPN event rate after vehicle or high dose of drug + amphetamine treatment, normalized to the corresponding value after vehicle + amphetamine treatment (Drug/Amph). g, Mean ± s.e.m. proximal co-activity of D1-SPNs and D2-SPNs after vehicle or low/high dose of drug + amphetamine treatment, normalized to values after vehicle-only treatment during periods of rest (left) and movement (right). Heat maps depict the vehicle-normalized D1-SPN or D2-SPN proximal co-activity after vehicle or high dose of drug + amphetamine treatment, normalized to the corresponding value after vehicle + amphetamine treatment (for f,g; ***P < 10−3 compared to vehicle treatment; ####P < 10−4, ###P < 10−3, ##P < 10−2 and #P < 0.05 compared to vehicle + amphetamine treatment; one-way ANOVA with Holm–Sidak’s multiple comparison test).