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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 5.
Published in final edited form as: Mucosal Immunol. 2023 Sep 18;16(6):843–858. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.09.004

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

High-fat diet (HFD) feeding is not sufficient to robustly amplify influenza disease severity in female mice. (A) Experimental design schematic. 6- to 8-week-old WT C57/BL6 males and females (n = 8–14/group; combined result of 3 independent experiments) were placed on either CD or HFD for 20 weeks and subsequently challenged intranasally with influenza virus (30 HA Units). (B) Weight loss post-infection. (C) Lung viral M protein expression quantified via qPCR. (D) Left lung weight. (E) BALF IL-6 levels quantified via cytokine ELISA. (F) Total lung CD45+ immune cell infiltration, measured by flow cytometry. (G) Lung macrophage absolute numbers (CD11bhiF4/80hi). (H) Lung neutrophil absolute numbers (CD11bhiGR1hi). Means ± SEM. (I) Infected immune cell population percentage of total lung CD45+ cells in CD-fed males and females. (J) Infected immune cell population percentage of total lung CD45+ cells in HFD-fed males and females. Student’s t test or one-way analysis of variance; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. CD = chow diet; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; SEM = standard error of the mean; WT = wild-type.