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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Epidemiology. 2023 Oct 11;35(1):84–93. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001682

Figure 2. Pointwise effects of prenatal exposure to a mixture of six phthalates and offspring Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) total raw scores in HOME and EARLI: quantile g-computation models.

Figure 2.

All the models included di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), and mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), maternal age at delivery (years), three dummy variables for maternal race/ethnicity (Hispanic or Latino, Non-Hispanic black, Non-Hispanic white, Other/multiple races), maternal parity (0–2, >2), pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2), household annual income ($), child sex at birth (male, female), and child age at SRS administration (months) as the independent variables. The model using only EARLI data further included three dummy variables for study site (Drexel, Johns Hopkins University, Kaiser Permanente, UC Davis) as the independent variables while the model using pooled data further included 4 dummy variables for study site (HOME, Drexel, Johns Hopkins University, Kaiser Permanente, UC Davis) as the independent variables.

EARLI, the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation Study; HOME, the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study; MSM, marginal structural model.