Table 2. Characteristics of studies on vitamin d and cardiovascular diseases in PCSs .

Author, Year	Country	Mean age (y)	Exposed (nmol/L)	Unexposed (nmol/L)	Gender	Quality (NOS)	Follow-up (y)
Park,2022 21	Korea	50	≥ 50	< 30	Both	Moderate	8.9
Heath,2020 59	Australia	61.3	Female: 53.1-121.3 Male: 68.9-201.8	Female: 13.9-34.7 Male: 8.2-42.9	Both	Moderate	13.7
Paul,2019 60	UK	65	> 84	≤ 41.25	Both	Moderate	4
Crowe,2019 61	UK	52.1	67.50-206.49	0.05-23.09	Both	Moderate	2.2
Su,2019 62	China	73	50 - < 125	< 25	Both	High	13.8
Leo Agelii,2017 63	Sweden	47	> 51.45	≤ 51.45	Female	Moderate	17
El Hilali,2015 64	Netherlands	75	≥ 75	< 25	Both	High	13
Lutsey,2015 65	USA	56.5	87.75 (median)	35 (median)	Both	Moderate	18
Chien,2015 66	China	60	≥ 63.8	< 39	Both	Moderate	9.6
Michos,2015 67	USA	56	≥ 75	< 50	Both	High	19.7
Khaw,2014 68	UK	63	≥ 90	< 30	Both	Moderate	13
Wannamethee,2014 69	UK	68	≥ 65	< 35	Male	High	13
Perna,2013 70	Germany	50	≥ 50	< 30	Both	Moderate	8
Bajaj,2013 71	USA	67	≥ 50	< 50	Male	Moderate	4.4
Schöttker,2013 72	Germany	62	> 50	< 30	Both	Moderate	9.5
Rohrmann, 2013 20	Switzerland	47.1	62.5-249.5	0-33.5	Both	Moderate	17.6
Kühn,2013 73	Germany	53	≥ 50	< 25	Both	Moderate	7.7
Robinson-Cohen,2013 74	USA	61	≥ 75	< 50	Both	Moderate	8.5
Schierbeck,2012 75	Denmark	50	≥ 50	< 50	Female	Moderate	16
Lin,201276	USA	56	≥ 48.4	< 19.6	Both	Moderate	24
Kritchevsky,2012 77	USA	74.5	≥ 75	< 25	Both	Moderate	8.5
Messenger,2012 78	USA	76.5	75.5-138.5	12.25-50.25	Male	Moderate	4.4
Kestenbaum,2011 79	USA	73.5	> 75	< 37.5	Both	High	14
Bansal,2014 80	UK	62.1	≥ 75	< 50	Both	Moderate	8.46
Bolland,2010 81	New Zealand	74	≥ 50	< 50	Female	Moderate	5
Hutchinson,201082	Norway	60	72.3 (median)	33.8 (median)	Both	Moderate	11.7
Michaëlsson,2010 83	Sweden	71	> 98	< 39	Male	High	12.7
Kilkkinen,2009 84	Finland	49.4	Female: 56-151 Male: 62-180	Female: 4-25 Male: 5-28	Both	High	27.1
Giovannucci,2008 85	USA	63.8	≥ 75	< 37.5	Male	High	10
Pilz,2008 86	Germany	63	50-74.99	< 25	Both	Moderate	7.7

Note. PCS: Prospective cohort study; NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa scale.