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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2023 Dec 4;20(2):111–123. doi: 10.1038/s41574-023-00919-z

Fig. 2 ∣. Summary of the major signalling pathways engaged by hypothalamic long form of the leptin receptor in pubertal development.

Fig. 2 ∣

The leptin receptor long form (LepRb) uses JAK2 to phosphorylate its phosphotyrosine residues, which then serve as binding sites where signalling molecules become phosphorylated and either move into the nucleus to serve as transcription factors or interact with a variety of other transcription factors. The LepRb signalling pathways include STAT, SHP2–ERK1/2 and PI3K–AKT–FOXO1 pathways. AGRP, agouti-related peptide; AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FOXO1, forkhead box protein O1; GRB2, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; JAK2, Janus kinase 2; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin NPY, neuropeptide Y; PDK1, phosphatidylinositol-dependent protein kinase 1; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; POMC, pro-opiomelanocortin; RSK, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase; S6, ribosomal protein S6; S6K, p70 S6 kinase; SHP2, Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2; SH2B1, Src homology-2B adaptor protein 1; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcript. Adapted from ref. 167, CC-BY 4.0.