Table 1:
Maternal characteristics
| Cluster 1 (n = 122) |
Cluster 2 (n = 39) |
Cluster 3 (n = 106) |
Cluster 4 (n = 112) |
p-value | Post-hoc comparisons | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 v 2 | 1 v 3 | 1 v 4 | 2 v 3 | 2 v 4 | 3 v 4 | ||||||
| Age (years) | 26.4 ± 6.4 | 29.5 ± 6.3 | 27.6 ± 6.9 | 28.4 ± 6.9 | 0.047 | 0.012 | 0.2 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| Race (minority) | 60 (49.2) | 14 (35.9) | 42 (39.6) | 36 (32.1) | 0.059 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.008 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.2 |
| Ethnicity (Hispanic) | 34 (27.9) | 17 (43.6) | 37 (34.9) | 42 (37.8) | 0.2 | 0.07 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
| Education (years) | 12.5 ± 3.0 | 13.6 ± 2.5 | 12.8 ± 3.1 | 13.2 ± 3.0 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.5 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Pre-pregnancy history | |||||||||||
| Diabetes | 6 (5.4) | 2 (5.3) | 8 (8.1) | 5 (4.7) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
| Hypertension | 15 (13.4) | 5 (13.2) | 16 (16.2) | 13 (12.1) | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| Prenatal history | |||||||||||
| Had prenatal care | 99 (88.4) | 37 (97.4) | 94 (94.9) | 101 (95.3) | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.065 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| Reduced fetal movement | 41 (37.3) | 18 (47.4) | 66 (66.7) | 71 (67.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.038 | 0.027 | 0.9 |
| Alcohol in pregnancy | 46 (41.1) | 13 (34.2) | 41 (41.4) | 38 (35.5) | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| Smoking in pregnancy | 29 (25.9) | 4 (10.5) | 19 (19.2) | 13 (12.1) | 0.035 | 0.048 | 0.2 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.2 |
All values given as mean ± standard deviation (continuous measures) or number (percentage of cluster) (categorical measures). P-values derived from Kruskall-Wallis or Chi-Square tests (continuous and categorical, respectively) for omnibus tests and Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square tests for post-hoc comparisons. P-values < 0.05 are considered significant (bolded).