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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 5.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2023 Nov 30;186:111–124. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.10.011

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

mTOR signaling contributes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and heart failure with presreved ejection fraction (HFpEF). mTOR activation contributes to atherosclerosis by mediating trained immunity, CH and CHIP, and immune senescence. mTOR activation participates in the pathogenesis of HFpEF by enhancing cardiac fibrosis and promoting inflammation and left ventricle (LV) stiffness mediated by CHIP and immune senescence.