Table 1.
Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics of children in Botswana and Uganda.
| Variable | Overall | Country |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uganda | Botswana | |||
|
| ||||
| No. of Children | 14246 | 12709 (89) | 1537 (11) | |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.144 | |||
| Female | 7295 (51) | 6535 (51) | 760 (49) | |
| Male | 6951 (49) | 6174 (49) | 777 (51) | |
| Age at enrollment, median (IQR) yrs | 3.7 (1.1–8.4) | 3.5 (1.0–8.1) | 5.3 (1.3–9.4) | <0.001 |
| <2 | 5250 (36.8) | 4761 (37.4) | 489 (31.8) | <0.001 |
| 2 to <5 | 2967 (20.8) | 2722 (21.4) | 245 (15.9) | |
| 5 to <10 | 3375 (23.7) | 2909 (22.9) | 466 (30.3) | |
| 10 to 18 | 2654 (18.6) | 2317 (18.2) | 337 (21.9) | |
| Year of birth, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| ≤2004 | 8864 (62) | 7654 (60) | 1210 (79) | |
| >2004 | 5382 (38) | 5055 (40) | 327 (21) | |
| Year of enrollment, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| <2006 | 5099 (36) | 4344 (34) | 755 (49) | |
| 2006–2010 | 6537 (46) | 6027 (48) | 510 (33) | |
| >2010 | 2610 (18) | 2338 (18) | 272 (18) | |
| World Health Organizations stage, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| I or II | 4853 (49) | 4393 (51) | 460 (34) | |
| III | 3257 (33) | 2746 (32) | 511 (38) | |
| IV | 1818 (18) | 1457 (17) | 361 (27) | |
| Anthropometric measurement, median (IQR)a | ||||
| Weight-for-age, Z-score | −1.74 (−3.19 −0.43) | −1.7 (−3.2 - −0.3) | −1.8 (−2.97 – −0.7) | 0.043 |
| Height-for-age, Z-score | −1.76 (−2.89 – −0.55) | −1.7 (−2.9 – −0.5) | −1.6 (−2.6 – −0.6) | 0.055 |
| Body mass index-for-age, Z-score | −0.83 (−2.06 – 0.16) | −0.80 (−2.03 – 0.19) | −1.08 (−2.19 – −0.24) | <0.001 |
| CD4 count (cells/ml)a,b | 309 (101–597) | 302 (90–603) | 329 (159–559) | 0.075 |
| CD4%, median (IQR)a,c | 17.0 (11.0–24.0) | 17.0 (11.0–24.0) | 19.2 (12.0–27.0) | <0.001 |
| HIV RNA load (log10 copies/ul)a | 5.4 (4.8–5.8) | 5.6 (4.9–5.8) | 5.3 (4.7–5.7) | <0.001 |
| Age at antiretroviral therapy initiation, median (IQR) yrs | 6.3 (2.1–11.0) | 6.4 (2.3–11.2) | 5.7 (1.6–10.1) | <0.001 |
| Below 5 | 3725 (43) | 3 0 73 (43) | 652 (45) | <0.001 |
| 5 to < 10 | 2313 (27) | 1882 (26) | 431 (29) | |
| 10 to 18 | 2626 (30) | 2248 (31) | 378 (26) | |
| Clinical outcome, n (%) | ||||
| Alive | 7998 (56) | 6794 (53) | 1204 (78) | |
| Loss-to-follow-up | 4210 (30) | 4126 (33) | 84 (6) | |
| Transfer out | 911 (6) | 911 (7) | 0 (0) | |
| Death | 1127 (8) | 878 (7) | 249 (16) | |
Abbreviations: CD, clusters of differentiation; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; yrs, years.
P-values compare the distribution of each variable by country.
a
The data available for the variable is less than the total number of participants analyzed due to missing values.
b
For children above 60 months.
c
For children below 60 months.
Note: All measurements were done at enrollment