The effect of MMSs on the percentage adequacy of GWG. Percentage adequacy of GWG was calculated by dividing the actual GWG at the last weight measure during pregnancy by the recommended GWG according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009 guideline, multiplied by 100. The sample size by MMS/control arms for each trial was 648/545, 210/205, 559/549, 176/177, 3701/3704, 535/556, 1323/1330, 713/794, 409/394, 1156/1173, 11,994/11,583, 443/447, 375/370, and 682/740, respectively. GWG, gestational weight gain; MMS, multiple micronutrient supplement.