The effect of small-quantity LNSs on the percentage adequacy of GWG. Percentage adequacy of GWG was calculated by dividing the actual GWG at the last weight measure during pregnancy by the recommended GWG according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009 guideline, multiplied by 100. The sample size by small-quantity LNS/control arms for each trial was 431/447, 865/2478, 369/370, and 670/607, respectively. GWG, gestational weight gain; LNS, lipid-based nutrient supplement.