Table 2.
Comparison of different knot tying techniques for each run by run time, knot strength, knot-spread ability, and mistakes made during the exercises.
| 95 % Confidence interval |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Run | Contrast | Ratioa means | Lower | Upper | p-valueb |
| Time (sec) | 1 | Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, open | 1.42 (541.0:373.9) | 1.259 | 1.603 | <0.001 |
| Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, closed | 1.569 (541.0:315.1) | 1.391 | 1.769 | <0.001 | ||
| Extracorporeal, open: Extracorporeal, closed | 1.104 (373.9:315.1) | 0.982 | 1.242 | 0.098 | ||
| 2 | Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, open | 1.307 (349.5:253.4) | 1.16 | 1.473 | <0.001 | |
| Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, closed | 1.334 (349.5:242.4) | 1.185 | 1.502 | <0.001 | ||
| Extracorporeal, open: Extracorporeal, closed | 1.021 (253.4:242.4) | 0.907 | 1.149 | 0.735 | ||
| 3 | Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, open | 1.284 (269.2:211.1) | 1.142 | 1.445 | <0.001 | |
| Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, closed | 1.211 (269.2:209.7) | 1.077 | 1.361 | 0.001 | ||
| Extracorporeal, open: Extracorporeal, closed | 0.943 (211.1:209.7) | 0.838 | 1.06 | 0.325 | ||
| Knot strength (mm) | 1 | Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, open | 0.746 (3.93:5.91) | 0.541 | 1.029 | 0.074 |
| Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, closed | 0.909 (3.93:5.59) | 0.661 | 1.252 | 0.56 | ||
| Extracorporeal, open: Extracorporeal, closed | 1.219 (5.91:5.59) | 0.891 | 1.668 | 0.215 | ||
| 2 | Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, open | 0.856 (3.69:4.73) | 0.622 | 1.178 | 0.339 | |
| Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, closed | 1.136 (3.69:3.65) | 0.828 | 1.559 | 0.428 | ||
| Extracorporeal, open: Extracorporeal, closed | 1.327 (4.73:3.65) | 0.969 | 1.819 | 0.078 | ||
| 3 | Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, open | 0.883 (3.78:4.12) | 0.645 | 1.21 | 0.439 | |
| Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, closed | 0.870 (3.78:5.65) | 0.636 | 1.191 | 0.384 | ||
| Extracorporeal, open: Extracorporeal, closed | 0.985 (4.12:5.65) | 0.720 | 1.348 | 0.926 | ||
| Knot-spread ability (mm) | 1 | Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, open | 1.618 (12.01:10.31) | 0.665 | 2.571 | <0.001 |
| Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, closed | 1.166 (12.01:10.79) | 0.217 | 2.114 | 0.016 | ||
| Extracorporeal, open: Extracorporeal, closed | −0.453 (10.31:10.79) | −1.381 | 0.476 | 0.34 | ||
| 2 | Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, open | 0.883 (11.42:10.60) | −0.065 | 1.831 | 0.068 | |
| Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, closed | 1.143 (11.42:10.32) | 0.204 | 2.081 | 0.017 | ||
| Extracorporeal, open: Extracorporeal, closed | 0.26 (10.60:10.32) | −0.674 | 1.193 | 0.585 | ||
| 3 | Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, open | 1.467 (11.87:10.46) | 0.534 | 2.401 | 0.002 | |
| Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, closed | 2.236 (11.87:9.67) | 1.307 | 3.166 | <0.001 | ||
| Extracorporeal, open: Extracorporeal, closed | 0.77 (10.46:9.67) | −0.16 | 1.698 | 0.105 | ||
| Mistakes | 1 | Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, open | 2.338 (0.50:0.41) | 0.938 | 5.83 | 0.068 |
| Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, closed | 1.74 (0.50:0.37) | 0.721 | 4.199 | 0.218 | ||
| Extracorporeal, open: Extracorporeal, closed | 0.744 (0.41:0.37) | 0.299 | 1.853 | 0.526 | ||
| 2 | Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, open | 2.638 (0.37:0.20) | 0.938 | 7.423 | 0.066 | |
| Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, closed | 2.709 (0.37:0.21) | 0.976 | 7.519 | 0.056 | ||
| Extracorporeal, open: Extracorporeal, closed | 1.027 (0.20:0.21) | 0.341 | 3.088 | 0.963 | ||
| 3 | Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, open | 1.836 (0.20:0.21) | 0.617 | 5.462 | 0.275 | |
| Intracorporeal: Extracorporeal, closed | 4.411 (0.20:0.07) | 1.212 | 16.05 | 0.024 | ||
| Extracorporeal, open: Extracorporeal, closed | 2.403 (0.21:0.07) | 0.628 | 9.2 | 0.201 | ||
a
For ‘Time’ and ‘Knot strength’, ratios correspond to geometric mean ratios. For ‘Knot-spread ability’, ratios correspond to differences of means. For ‘Mistakes’, ratios correspond to odds ratios. The geometric mean ratio approximately corresponds to the median ratio.
b
The p-values were calculated using a mixed-effects model. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.