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. 2024 Feb 5;14:2990. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53430-4

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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CCI results in decreased alpha diversity as measured by Shannon diversity index and altered beta diversity as measured by Bray–Curtis dissimilarity and weighted UniFrac distance. Alpha diversity: (A) the Shannon diversity index was significantly reduced in mice with CCI as compared to sham controls, but this injury effect did not depend on collection timepoint. (B) Faith’s phylogenetic diversity was not altered by injury or time point. Statistical comparison by mixed-effects analysis (whiskers represent minimum and maximum, box represents 25th–75th percentile, and line represents median value). Beta diversity: Principal coordinate analysis visualizations for (C) Bray–Curtis Dissimilarity (p = 0.002), (D) UniFrac distance (p = 0.053), and (E) weighted UniFrac distance (p = 0.009). Statistical comparison of Beta Diversity by PERMANOVA (n_sham = 6, n_CCI = 7).