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. 2024 Jan 23;14:1247232. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1247232

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Copyright © 2024 Szalanczy, Fitzpatrick, Beeson, Bui, Dyson, Eller, Landry, Scott, Grzybowski, Klotz, Geurts, Weiner, Redei and Solberg Woods.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) at euthanasia in wild-type (WT, black) and Krtcap3 knock-out (KO, gray) rats. Serum was collected from trunk blood at euthanasia, and rats were euthanized within the cage one at a time, with Rat 1 euthanized first and Rat 2 euthanized second. (A) Control (filled) KO rats had lower basal CORT compared to control WT rats. Additionally, CORT of KO Rat 1 was greater in those that were stress-exposed (empty) compared to control rats, but not for WT rats. *p < 0.05 represents effect of genotype in control rats and effect of stress exposure in KO rats. (B) We confirmed that stress exposure increased CORT in KO rats, for both Rat 1 and Rat 2. **p < 0.01 represents effect of stress exposure in KO rats. Additionally, we found that KO rats show a significant increase in CORT when their cage-mate is removed at euthanasia regardless of stress exposure; we found the same pattern in stress-exposed WT rats, but not control WT rats. *p < 0.05 represents effect of euthanasia order in WT rats, ***p < 0.001 represents effect of euthanasia order in KO rats. (C) The line graph demonstrates the difference in CORT between Rat 1 and Rat 2 of each cage, where WT rats are represented by black circles and KO rats by gray squares. Control rats are marked with filled symbols and a solid line, while stress-exposed rats have empty symbols and dashed lines. The bar graph examines the CORT ratio between Rat 1 and Rat 2 for each genotype and stress condition confirmed that stress exposure does not alter this ratio in KO rats, but does increase the ratio in WT rats. ^# p < 0.1 represents effect of stress for WT rats. (D) ACTH was lower in control KO Rat 1 compared to control WT rats. Further, ACTH was lower in stress-exposed WT Rat 1 relative to control counterparts. *p < 0.05 represents effect of genotype in control rats and effect of stress exposure in WT rats. (E) We found that ACTH is significantly increased in Rat 2 for stress-exposed rats, whether WT or KO. There were no differences by order in control rats. *p < 0.05 represents effect of order in stress-exposed rats.