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. 2024 Jan 23;11:1326782. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1326782

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of study population based on MetS.

Variables With
MetS n = 125
Without
MetS
n = 125
P-value P-value*
Demographic
Age (year) 40.78
(8.58)
41.73
(8.82)
0.40 0.41
Sex
Male 22
(32.8)
45
(67.2)
0.001 0.001
Female 103
(56.3)
80
(43.7)
Anthropometric
Weight (kg) 81.86
(15.85)
71.60
(12.88)
<0.001 <0.001
Height (cm) 167.08
(9.15)
164.51
(9.03)
0.03 0.01
BMI (kg/m2) 27.20
(4.40)
27.27
(4.57)
0.90 0.88
WHR 0.88
(0.08)
0.83
(0.08)
<0.001 <0.001
WC (cm) 95.19
(10.72)
86.08
(10.44)
<0.001 <0.001
HC (cm) 106.77
(9.39)
102.44
(6.71)
<0.001 0.001
Blood parameters
TG (mg/dl) 205.91
(104.76)
108.18
(57.78)
<0.001 <0.001
HDL (mg/dl) 40.77
(6.13)
46.42
(9.43)
<0.001 <0.001
LDL (mg/dl) 107.50
(30.36)
103.95
(24.26)
0.32 0.79
TC (mg/dl) 193.12
(45.25)
175.59
(34.88)
0.001 0.010
FBS (mg/dl) 104.83
(47.08)
83.97
(9.99)
<0.001 <0.001
Blood pressure
SBP (mmHg) 117.99
(20.13)
114.42
(14.29)
0.11 0.12
DBP (mmHg) 78.48
(13.23)
75.20
(9.85)
0.03 0.02
Metabolites
TMAO (pg/mL) 51.49
(42.06)
37.50
(29.07)
0.002 <0.001
KYN (nmol/l) 417.56
(290.98)
369.52
(276.72)
0.18 0.20
Qualitative variable
Marriage status
Single 31
(61.2)
19
(38.8)
0.07 0.08
Married 94
(47)
106
(53)
Education level
≤Diploma 46
(51.2)
42
(48.8)
0.56 0.48
University educated 79
(48.8)
83
(51.2)
Job group
Office 60
(47.2)
67
(52.8)
0.97 0.91
Clinical 34
(50.7)
33
(49.3)
Technical 21
(60)
14
(40)
Security 10
(47.6)
11
(52.4)
Socio-economic status
Low 5
(50)
5
(50)
0.54 0.55
Moderate 115 (50.9) 111 (49.1)
High 5 (35.7) 9 (64.3)
Physical activity
Low 119 (49.4) 122 (50.6) 0.30 0.31
Moderate 6 (66.7) 3 (33.3)

BMI, body mass index; WHR, weight to hip ratio; WC, waist circumference; HC, hip circumference; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; FBS, fasting blood sugar; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TMAO, trimethylamine N-Oxide; KYN, kynurenine. Quantitative variables as means (±SD) obtained from the independent t-test. Qualitative variables N (%) obtained from the chi-square analysis. P-value < 0.05 were considered significant, bolding in Table. P-value* for adjustment model, based on age, energy intake, physical activity, sex and BMI.