Table 3.

USPs and atherosclerosis.

Enzymes	Function	Mechanism	References
USP9X	Inhibiting the intake of lipid of macrophages, the formation of foam cells and inflammatory response	Removing the polyubiquitin of SR-A63, regulating ECs	(52, 53)
USP14	Inhibiting inflammation in ECs; promoting the multiplication and mobilization of HASMCs; promoting the intake of ox-LDL; increasing the formation of foam cells	Inhibiting the activity of NF-κB and the degradation of its related regulation factors stimulated by ox-LDL, removing ub from CD36 to stabilize CD36 protein	(54, 55)
USP36	Promoting atherosclerosis; promoting the multiplication and mobilization of HASMCs	Regulating miR-182-5p signaling pathway	(55, 56)
USP10	Promoting the intake of oxidized LDL; increasing the formation of foam cells	Removing Ub from CD36 to stabilize CD36 protein	(57)
USP20	Decreasing atherosclerosis induced by TNF and IL-1β in SMCs	Deubiquitinating RIPK1, TRAF6	(58, 59)