TABLE 3.
Daily energy and macronutrient intake from food and beverages in KiESEL toddlers and preschoolers stratified by sex1.
| Toddlers (1–2 years; n = 354) | Preschoolers (3–5 years; n = 536) | |||||||||||
| Boys (n = 175) | Girls (n = 179) | Boys (n = 279) | Girls (n = 257) | |||||||||
| Median | CI Median | P5, P95 | Median | CI Median | P5, P95 | Median | CI Median | P5, P95 | Median | CI Median | P5, P95 | |
| Energy (kcal)* | 979 | 937–1027a | 689, 1410 | 916 | 868–922a | 576, 1300 | 1297 | 1283–1334a | 876, 1670 | 1188 | 1156–1215a | 831, 1570 |
| Protein (g)* | 32.2 | 28.8–33.6 | 19.0, 45.1 | 30.0 | 28.4–32.8 | 16.1, 43.7 | 41.9 | 40.9–43.1a | 26.5, 59.6 | 39.0 | 37.5–39.7a | 26.3, 53.4 |
| Protein (E%) | 12.7 | 12.4–13.3 | 9.6, 16.4 | 13.0 | 12.2–13.3 | 9.5, 17.1 | 13.1 | 12.9–13.4 | 9.9, 15.8 | 13.0 | 12.7–13.3 | 10.4, 17.2 |
| Protein (g/kg body weight)2* | 2.6 | 2.4–2.7 | 1.5, 4.0 | 2.5 | 2.4–2.7 | 1.4, 3.9 | 2.3 | 2.2–2.4 | 1.6, 3.2 | 2.1 | 2.0–2.2 | 1.5, 3.5 |
| Fat (g)* | 36.1 | 33.3–38.0 | 22.5, 56.9 | 31.5 | 29.8–34.2 | 16.1, 50.2 | 47.7 | 45.7–49.8a | 27.0, 73.0 | 42.7 | 39.6–44.2a | 23.7, 65.4 |
| Fat (E%) | 32.7 | 32.0–33.7 | 24.8, 40.3 | 32.4 | 31.2–32.7 | 23.0, 41.2 | 33.3 | 32.4–34.1 | 23.6, 40.5 | 32.0 | 31.7–33.8 | 22.2, 42.0 |
| Saturated fatty acids (g)* | 17.3 | 16.1–18.2a | 9.1, 27.9 | 15.1 | 13.3–15.8a | 7.2, 26.6 | 22.1 | 21.2–23.1a | 12.1, 34.3 | 19.8 | 18.9–20.9a | 10.4, 31.2 |
| Saturated fatty acids (E%) | 15.9 | 14.7–16.7 | 10.3, 22.0 | 14.2 | 13.9–15.2 | 9.8, 20.8 | 15.5 | 14.6–16.0 | 9.8, 20.4 | 15.3 | 14.9–15.7 | 8.3, 20.8 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids (g)* | 11.3 | 10.9–11.9a | 6.8, 18.7 | 9.8 | 9.4–10.8a | 4.5, 17.7 | 15.1 | 14.4–16.3 | 8.8, 24.0 | 13.8 | 13.4–14.5 | 7.0, 23.5 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids (E%) | 10.3 | 10.1–10.8 | 7.9, 14.2 | 10.1 | 9.8–10.8 | 7.0, 15.3 | 10.7 | 10.5–11.1 | 7.5, 14.5 | 11.0 | 10.2–11.2 | 6.2, 15.9 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids (g)* | 4.1 | 3.9–4.5 | 2.5, 8.1 | 4.0 | 3.7–4.2 | 2.1, 9.1 | 6.1 | 5.8–6.3a | 3.0, 11.1 | 5.1 | 4.9–5.6a | 2.5, 10.2 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids (E%) | 4.1 | 3.9–4.4 | 2.4, 7.4 | 4.2 | 3.7–4.4 | 2.6, 7.0 | 4.1 | 3.9–4.3 | 2.5, 6.7 | 4.0 | 3.8–4.2 | 2.4, 7.1 |
| Cholesterol (mg)* | 128.8 | 120.2–138.9 | 42.9, 212.1 | 112.9 | 100.2–123.2 | 25.7, 205.8 | 169.3 | 162.8–176.7a | 77.5, 299.9 | 145.8 | 138.8–159.1a | 61.1, 332.2 |
| Carbohydrates (g)* | 127.6 | 125.1–132.0 | 91.5, 188.9 | 122.1 | 112.5–125.6 | 79.7, 177.3 | 170.5 | 166.1–177.0a | 123.7, 229.5 | 156.8 | 150.9–162.9a | 104.9, 214.2 |
| Carbohydrates (E%) | 53.1 | 52.5–53.4 | 44.4, 60.4 | 53.3 | 52.2–55.1 | 42.2, 64.3 | 52.5 | 51.5–53.9 | 44.3, 62.6 | 53.5 | 52.6–54.3 | 42.0, 63.3 |
| Mono-/disaccharides (g)* | 63.4 | 59.6–67.1 | 40.9, 108.8 | 59.9 | 54.4–62.2 | 27.5, 99.9 | 86.7 | 83.2–89.5a | 44.4, 136.3 | 74.5 | 69.8–77.7a | 43.5, 131.3 |
| Mono-/disaccharides (E%) | 25.3 | 24.4–27.2 | 17.4, 38.9 | 26.5 | 25.2–27.4 | 17.4, 38.4 | 27.1 | 26.4–28.6a | 15.4, 40.1 | 24.4 | 24.2–26.4a | 16.4, 38.0 |
| Fiber (g)*girls only | 10.6 | 10.1–11.1a | 6.0, 17.2 | 8.6 | 8.2–9.3a | 4.3, 16.9 | 11.3 | 10.8–12.0 | 6.9, 21.4 | 10.7 | 10.6–11.2 | 6.0, 17.8 |
1Weighted data (n unweighted). The age group toddlers refers to children aged ≥1 to ≤2 years and the age group preschoolers refers to children aged ≥3 to ≤5 years, but also includes 62 children of 6 years of age. Energy and nutrient intake was calculated using BLS 3.02 (for ordinary foods/beverages) and LEBTAB (for foods/beverages intended for infants/young children). CI Median, 95% confidence interval of the median; P, percentile. Due to the display of median values, the sum of protein, fat, and carbohydrate E% does not equal 100%.
2The EFSA DRVs are given in g per kg body weight.
*Significant difference between age groups (95% confidence intervals of the medians do not overlap).
aSignificant difference between sexes (95% confidence intervals of the medians do not overlap).