TABLE 3:

Substance use, health care utilization, and mental health outcomes for paired baseline and 6-month data (N=127)

	Baseline	6 month	p value
Substance use
Injected drugs past 30 days, n (%)	16 (12.6)	10 (7.9)	0.07
Days of illicit substance use past 30 days, m (SD)	10.5 (10.9)	8.9 (12.0)	0.21
Used any illicit or non-prescribed opioids past 30 days, n (%)	66 (52.0)	41 (32.3)	<0.001
Used heroin past 30 days, n (%)	60 (47.2)	34 (26.8)	<0.001
Days of heroin use past 30 days, m (SD)	6.1 (9.7)	3.9 (9.0)	0.02
Used fentanyl (non-prescribed) past 30 days, n (%)*	39 (31.0)	24 (19.1)	0.009
Days of fentanyl use (non-prescribed) past 30 days, m (SD)*	3.9 (8.2)	2.5 (7.4)	0.07
Used cocaine past 30 days, n (%)	59 (46.5)	43 (33.9)	0.006
Days of cocaine/crack use past 30 days, m (SD)	4.5 (7.8)	3.6 (7.6)	0.26
Used marijuana past 30 days, n (%)	44 (34.7)	37 (29.1)	0.21
Days of marijuana use past 30 days, m (SD)	4.1 (8.8)	4.0 (9.2)	0.97
Overdose in past 90 days, n (%)*	17 (13.5)	3 (2.4)	0.002
Days of alcohol use past 30 days, m (SD)*	5.6 (9.2)	3.5 (7.3)	0.002
Hazardous alcohol use (score 8–40 on AUDIT), n (%)	37 (29.1)	21 (16.5)	<0.001
Mental health screening
General Anxiety Disorder (scored 10–21 on GAD-7), n (%)**	27 (21.6)	12 (9.6)	0.004
Major Depressive Disorder (scored 3–6 on PHQ-2), n (%)**	31 (24.8)	27 (21.6)	0.48
Hospital visits
ED visit for any reason (physical health, mental health, SUD) in past 30 days, self-report, n (%)*	29 (23.0)	11 (8.7)	0.002
Hospitalized for any reason (physical health, mental health, SuD) in past 30 days, self-report, n (%)***	18 (14.5)	8 (6.5)	0.03

AUDIT=Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. ED=emergency department. SUD=substance use disorder. GAD=Generalized Anxiety Disorder. PHQ=Patient Health Questionnaire.

^*N=126, 1 case missing.

^**N=125, 2 cases missing.

^***N=124, 3 cases missing.