Table 4.

Dynamic histone modifications in animal models of (sub-)chronic stress.

Species	Paradigm	Measurement Post-stress	Brain Region	Genomic Region	Histone Modification	Further Results	References
Rat	Subchronic restraint stress (7 days)	1 day	Hip (CA1)	Genome-wide	H3K4me3↓	-	Hunter et al., 2009 [60]
Rat	Subchronic restraint stress (7 days)	1 day	Hip (DG, CA1)	Genome-wide	H3K27me3↓	-	Hunter et al., 2009 [60]
Rat	Subchronic restraint stress (7 days)	1 day	Hip	Genome-wide	H3K9me3↑	-	Hunter et al., 2009 [60]
Rat	Subchronic restraint stress (7 days)	1 h	PFC	Nedd4-1	H3K9me2↓	HDAC↑	Wei et al., 2016 [66]
Rat	CRS (21 days)	1 day	Hip (DG)	Genome-wide	H3K4me3↑	-	Hunter et al., 2009 [60]
Rat	CRS (21 days)	1 day	Hip (DG)	Genome-wide	H3K9me3↓	-	Hunter et al., 2009 [60]
Mouse	CRS (29 days)	-	Hip	Genome-wide	H3K9ac↓ H4K5ac↓	HDAC2↑ in Hip	Wu et al., 2021 [67]
Mouse	Social defeat (10 days)	Immediately	PVN	Genome-wide	-	HDAC2↓	Elliott et al., 2010 [68]
Mouse	Social defeat (10 days)	1 day	NAc	Genome-wide	-	HDAC5↓	Renthal et al., 2007 [69]
Mouse	Social defeat (10 days)	10 days	NAc	Genome-wide	H3K9me2↓	G9a↓, Glp↓, Suv39h1↓	Covington et al., 2011 [70]
Mouse	Social defeat (10 days)	24 h and 10 days	NAc	Genome-wide	H3K14ac↑	HDAC2↓	Covington et al., 2009 [71]
Mouse	Social defeat (10 days)	28 days	Hip	Bdnf promoter III / IV	H3K27me2↑	Bdnf III and IV mRNA↓	Tsankova et al., 2006 [72]
Mouse	Social defeat (10 days)	28 days	NAc	Genome-wide	H3K27me2↑	-	Wilkinson et al., 2009 [73]
Mouse	Social isolation (10 days)	28 days	NAc	Genome-wide	H3K27me2↑ H3K9me2↑	-	Wilkinson et al., 2009 [73]
Mouse	Social defeat (21 days)	Immediately	Hip	Genome-wide	H3K9ac↓	HAT↑ HDAC↓ in cortex	Montagud et al., 2016 [74]
Mouse	Social defeat (21 days)	3 weeks	Hip	Genome-wide	H4K12ac↑ H3K4me3↑	HAT↑ in Hip	Montagud et al., 2016 [74]
Rat	CVS(14 days)	1 day	Hip (DG, CA3)	Genome-wide	H4K12ac↓ H3 phospho-acetylation (Lys9/Ser10)↓	-	Ferland et al., 2011 [75]
Mouse	CVS (15 days) + acute stress (30 min)	Immediately	Hip (DG)	Genome-wide	Chronic stress: H4K12ac↓ Acute stress: H4K12ac↑ Chronic + acute stress: H4K12ac↑	Chronic + acute stress: HPA activity↑	Ferland et al., 2014 [76]
Rat	CVMS stress (14 days)	1 day	Amygdala, BNST	-	-	HDAC5↓ in males (CeA) CBP↑ in females (BNST)	Sterrenburg et al., 2011 [77]
Rat	CVS (14 days)	1 day	Hip (DG, CA3)	Genome-wide	H4K12ac↓	-	Ferland et al., 2011 [75]
Rat	CUS (28 days)	1 day	Hip	Genome-wide	H3K9ac↓	HDAC5↑	Liu et al., 2014 [78]
Rat	CUS (21 days)	1 day	Hypothalamus	Crhr1	H3K9me3↓	-	Wan et al., 2014 [79]
Mouse	Prenatal CUS (4 weeks)	Immediately	Hip	Genome-wide	H3K14ac↓ in offspring (stronger in females)	Spatial memory↓ in offspring	Benoit et al., 2015 [80]
Mouse	Gestational stress (restraint and 24-h light disturbance)	-	Hip	Genome-wide	H3K14ac↓ in offspring	DNMT1↑, HDAC1↑, HDAC2↑ in offspring	Zheng et al., 2016 [81]
Mouse	Repeated cross-fostering	72 days	Medulla oblongata	Genome-wide	H3ac↑ H3K4me3↑ H3K27me3↓	-	Cittaro et al., 2016 [82]
Rat	PEPS (15 days)	1 day, 2 weeks, 2 months	Hip (CA3)	Genome-wide	H4ac↑ (long lasting for 2 months)	MeCP2 activation	Baĭdo et al., 2009 [83]

Abbreviations: Bdnf: Brain derived neurotrophic factor, BNST: Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, CA1: First region in the hippocampal circuit, CA3: Third region in the hippocampal circuit, CBP: CREB-binding protein, CeA: Central nucleus of the amygdala, Crhr1: Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1, CRS: Chronic restraint stress, CUS: Chronic unpredictable stress, CVMS: Chronic variable mild, CVS: Chronic variable stress, DG: Dentate gyrus, DNMT1: DNA Methyltransferase 1, G9a: Euchromatin histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), Glp: Euchromatin histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1), HAT: Histone acetyltransferase, HDAC: Histone deacetylase, Hip: Hippocampus, HPA: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, MeCP2: Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2, NAc: Nucleus accumbens, PEPS: Prolonged emotional and pain stress, PFC: Prefrontal cortex, PVN: Paraventricular nucleus, Suv39h1: Suppressor of Variegation 3-9 Homolog 1.