Table 1.
Several theranostic nanomedicine for thrombosis
| S.No. | Type of Particle | Imaging technique | Imaging Moiety/Probe | Targeting site | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Trilysine-protected Gd3+-DTPA complex | MRI | Gd-DTPA | Fibrin | 56 |
| 2. | Bi-α AP-CA (specific bimodal α -antiplasmin- based contrast agent) |
MRI | Gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), Rhodamine | α -antiplasmin | 57 |
| 3. | USPIO-FUCO (ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with fucoidan) | MRI | Activated platelets | 58 | |
| 4. | DCIONs (dual-contrast iron oxide nanoparticles) magnetic |
MRI-7 T | - | Activated platelets | 59 |
| 5. | CLIOs | MRI | Fibrin | 60 | |
| 6. | IONCs- Gd-DTPA (iron oxide nanoclusters with Gd-DTPA) | Gd-DTPA | Fibrin | 61 | |
| 7. | TargPFCs | 19F MRI | activated platelets | 62 | |
| 8. | Fucoidan-MBs (Fucoidan-microbubble) | US | P-selectin | 63 | |
| 9. | Hyaluronic acid (HA) polymer-phospholipid shell- MBs | US | Thrombus | 64 | |
| 10. | AuNPs-PEG (gold nanocrystals) | CT | Thrombus | 65 | |
| 11. | GC-AuNPs (glycol-chitosan-coated gold nanoparticles) | CT | Fibrin and t-PA | 66 | |
| 12. | FA-Fe3O4-AuNPs (aptamer functionalized superparamagnetic gold-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles) | CT | Thrombus | 67 | |
| 13. | Mesoporous silica | NIR | Platelets | 68 | |
| 14. | TTQ-PEG-c(RGD) | NIR | TTQ | Active platelet GPIIb/IIIa | 69 |
| 15. | TIRO-CyAl5.5 (polyethylene glycol (PEG)- tirofiban analogues) | Cy7 | Platelets | 70 | |
| 16. | lanthanide-doped scintillator nanocrystals (NCs) | NIR-XEL | Thrombus | ||
| 17. | Phthalocyanine-based clot homing probe | NIR | Thrombus | 71 | |
| 18. | GNRs (gold nanorods) | PAI | ICAM-1, and E-selectin | 72 | |
| 19. | cRGD-PDI NPs | PAI | 73 | ||
| 20. | fibrin-specific peptide | MRI/PET/ | Fluorophore (OI) or Gd or 64Cu | Fibrin | 74 |
| 21. | peptide-chelate conjugates | MRI/PET | 64Cu-DOTA | Fibrin | 75 |
| 22. | SPION (superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticle) | NIR/MRI | IR783 | Microthrombus | 76 |
| 23. | Tobacco mosaic virus NP (CREKA and GPRPP fibrin-binding peptides) | Optical/MRI | Thrombus | 77 | |
| 24. | TAP-SiO2@AuNPs | NIRF/ micro-CT | Cy5.5 | Thrombus | 78 |
| 25. | ZnO-4/NPs | MRI/ Fluorescence | Thrombus | 79 | |
| 26. | FITC-LASG-PEGylated Fe3O4 | Fluorescence/ micro-CT/MRI | Thrombus | 80 | |
| 27. | PLGA NPs | PAI/MRI/NRI | IR780 | Fibrin | 81 |