Figure 7.

(a,b) Means of pain assessment can be limited in trap-neuter-return programmes or when working with other unsocialised cats. However, cats may still be evaluated using the Feline Grimace Scale, with observation of posture, comfort and facial expressions. Treatment of pain should be performed using a multimodal approach, based on the observer’s interpretation of how painful the cat’s condition could be, since wound palpation, for example, may not be possible. As with all patients, these individuals should be handled with empathy and care. Images courtesy of Sheilah Robertson