Table 1.

Normal parameters for newborn kittens at birth^15-17

Physiological parameters	Normal values (range)
Birth weight	100 g (75-120)
Body temperature	35.5°C (34.4-37.2)
Heart rate	230 beats per minute (220-260)
Mucous membrane colour	Dark reddish pink
Respiratory rate	15 breaths per minute (10-18)
Sleeping	Activated sleeping
Sucking reflex	Active
Swallowing reflex	Active
Righting reflex	Active, lifting the head within a few seconds
Rooting reflex	Active
Movement	Active
Urination and defecation	Involuntary
Daily urine output	2.5 ml/100 g body weight