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. 2024 Feb 5;12:22. doi: 10.1186/s40478-024-01734-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Astroglial response to Aβ. A Aβ40 + 42 and GFAP immunostaining of brain tissue from 18-month-old tg-UppSwe, tg-ArcSwe and tg-Swe mice. Co-localization of Aβ and GFAP was lacking in tg-UppSwe mice but was abundant in tg-ArcSwe and tg-Swe mice. Scale bar 100 µm. ELISA quantification of GFAP in TBS (B) and TBS-T (C) brain extracts from 18-months-old wt, tg-UppSwe, tg-ArcSwe and tg-Swe mice. Not significant (ns), **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. D Schematic description of the procedure to establish primary astrocyte monocultures originating from the cerebral cortices of embryonic mouse brain. Primary astrocyte cultures were exposed to sonicated, Cy3-labeled fibrils of synthetic Aβ_Upp, Aβ_Arc or Aβ_wt (all Aβ1-42). Cells were stained for GFAP, LAMP-1 and cell nuclei (Dapi). While Aβ_Upp clustered on the surface of cells, Aβ_Arc and Aβ_wt appeared to be phagocytosed to a larger extent. Scale bar: 20 µm