Table 2.
Effect of scopolamine and ranolazine on the level of antioxidants, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampal tissue.
| Control | Rn | Sco | Rn + Sco | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOD (U/g tissue) | 26.3 ± 1 | 25.9 ± 0.8 | 12.3 ± 1.4a | 21.07 ± 0.9b | ≤ 0.001* |
| GSH (nmol/g tissue) | 9.7 ± 0.56 | 10.8 ± 0.68 | 4.1 ± 0.28a | 7.8 ± 0.5b | ≤ 0.001* |
| MDA (nmol/g tissue) | 51.7 ± 2.5 | 50.4 ± 2.9 | 91.4 ± 4.7a | 65 ± 3.2b | ≤ 0.001* |
| Catalase (U/g tissue) | 19.6 ± 0.86 | 19.7 ± 0.78 | 8.6 ± 0.64a | 14.2 ± 0.56b | ≤ 0.001* |
| AChE (ng/ml) | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 13.5 ± 0.7a | 6.9 ± 0.4b | ≤ 0.001* |
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 8.2 ± 0.7a | 5.04 ± 0.5b | ≤ 0.001* |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 28.6 ± 1.5 | 27.9 ± 1.1 | 58.9 ± 2.5a | 36.6 ± 1.5b | ≤ 0.001* |
a
Difference between the Sco and control groups (p value ≤ 0.001).
b
Difference between the Sco + Rn and Sco groups (p value ≤ 0.001).*p value ≤ 0.05.