Table 3.

Effects of scopolamine and ranolazine on caspase-3 and BDNF gene expression in the hippocampal tissue from the four study groups.

	Control	Rn	Sco	Rn + Sco	p value
Caspase-3	0.9 ± 0.08	0.9 ± 0.03	2.3 ± 0.2a	1.2 ± 0.09b	≤ 0.001*
BDNF	0.99 ± 0.04	0.98 ± 0.03	0.37 ± 0.05a	0.8 ± 0.05b	≤ 0.001*

^aDifference between the Sco and control groups (p value ≤ 0.001).

^bDifference between the Sco + Rn and Sco groups (p value ≤ 0.001).*p value ≤ 0.05.