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. 2024 Feb 5;22:57. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03264-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — Effect of intraperitoneal administration of MI-3454 on fetoplacental weights in mice. A Representative appearance of the MI-3454 and control fetuses and placentas. B-E Administration of inhibitor MI-3454 (15 mg/kg boy weight (BW)) increased the average fetal and placental weights both litters (Control group, n = 12; MI-3454 group, n = 12) (B and C) or in fetuses (Control group, n = 87; MI-3454 group, n = 88) (D and E). F and G H&E staining (i-iii) and immunostaining against CD31 (iv and v) of the control (n = 6) (F) and MI-3454 (n = 6) (G) placentas at E18.5. Panels (iii) and (v) in F and G are the corresponding higher magnification images of panels (ii) and (iv), respectively. (H) Western blots of Mll1, Tead4, and H3K4me3 in the control (n = 5) (F) and the MI-3454 (n = 5) (G) placentas at E18.5. (I) Immunofluorescent staining of MCT1 (green), MCT4 (red), and DAPI (blue) in the indicated placentas (n = 5). Scale bar, 20 μm. (J and K) Representative transmission electron microscopy images of STBs in mouse placentas treated with vehicle (n = 3) (J) or MI-3454 (n = 3) (K). Scale bar, 1 μm. L Schematic depiction of the mouse placenta. MCT1 specifically expresses in the SynT-1 layer, while MCT4 specifically stains the SynT-2 layer. Data are presented as the means ± SD. **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05. FE, fetal endothelium; F-RBC, fetal red blood cell; M-RBC, maternal red blood cell; STGC, sinusoidal trophoblast giant cell; Syn I, the first layer of STBs; Syn II, the second layer of STBs; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; CD31, platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; MCT1, monocarboxylate transporter 1; MCT4, monocarboxylate transporter 4