Table 4:
Developmental characteristics of 2–5-year-old children with ASD in relation to their neonatal CTACK and MPIF-1 concentrations, N=171a
| CTACK | MPIF-1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95% CI | P-value | β | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Mullen Scales of Early Learning | ||||||
| Visual Reception | −4.16 | −12.94, 4.61 | 0.35 | 6.03 | −1.16, 13.21 | 0.10 |
| Fine Motor | −3.96 | −10.91, 2.98 | 0.26 | 7.64 | 1.95, 13.33 | 0.01 |
| Receptive Language | −7.09 | −16.76, 2.57 | 0.15 | 11.48 | 3.56, 19.40 | 0.005 |
| Expressive Language | −4.60 | −13.19, 3.99 | 0.29 | 8.85 | 1.82, 15.89 | 0.01 |
| Composite | −4.95 | −12.65, 2.74 | 0.21 | 8.50 | 2.20, 14.80 | 0.01 |
| Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales | ||||||
| Communication | −5.70 | −12.87, 1.47 | 0.12 | 7.26 | 1.39, 13.12 | 0.02 |
| Daily Living Skills | −2.97 | −7.68, 1.74 | 0.21 | 4.83 | 0.97, 8.68 | 0.01 |
| Socialization | −2.63 | −9.21, 3.95 | 0.43 | 6.74 | 1.36, 12.12 | 0.01 |
| Motor Skills | −5.66 | −12.91, 1.59 | 0.13 | 7.04 | 1.11, 12.96 | 0.02 |
| Composite | −4.34 | −9.64, 0.96 | 0.11 | 6.46 | 2.12, 10.80 | 0.004 |
a
Linear regression models were adjusted for maternal education (≤High school, Some college vs. ≥Bachelor degree) and CTACK or MPIF-1 (both were included in one model); β-coefficient (estimate) represents the change in developmental quotient (DQ) for a 1-unit increase in ln-transformed chemokine (pg/mg total protein), with a higher DQ indicating a better developmental outcome; DQ is defined as the developmental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100, with Mean = 100 and Standard Deviation = 15; CI = confidence interval