Table 2B-1:
Adjusted odds ratios comparing neonatal cytokine and chemokine concentrations in ASD (severe, mild to moderate symptoms) and TDa
| ASDsev vs. TD | ASDmild vs. TD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokine | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P |
| 6Ckine (CCL21) | 0.49 | 0.30, 0.78 | 0.002 | 0.56 | 0.31, 1.02 | 0.06 |
| BCA-1 (CXCL13) | 0.56 | 0.30, 1.01 | 0.06 | 0.49 | 022, 1.09 | 0.08 |
| CTACK (CCL27) | 0.36 | 0.20, 0.63 | 0.0004 | 0.38 | 0.19, 0.79 | 0.01 |
| ENA78 (CXCL5) | 1.06 | 0.82, 1.36 | 0.67 | 0.86 | 0.65, 1.13 | 0.27 |
| Eotaxin (CCL11) | 0.26 | 0.10, 0.68 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.08, 0.74 | 0.01 |
| Eotaxin-2 (CCL24) | 0.88 | 0.68, 1.14 | 0.33 | 0.88 | 0.63, 1.22 | 0.44 |
| Eotaxin-3 (CCL26) | 0.55 | 0.35, 0.85 | 0.01 | 0.59 | 0.33, 1.04 | 0.07 |
| Fractalkine (CX3CL1) | 0.60 | 0.33, 1.11 | 0.10 | 0.49 | 0.23, 1.05 | 0.06 |
| GCP-2 (CXCL6) | 0.66 | 0.35, 1.23 | 0.19 | 0.51 | 0.24, 1.07 | 0.08 |
| Gro-α (CXCL1) | 0.68 | 0.37, 1.24 | 0.21 | 0.63 | 0.29, 1.33 | 0.22 |
| Gro-β (CXCL2) | 0.62 | 0.40, 0.97 | 0.04 | 0.66 | 0.37, 1.18 | 0.16 |
| I-309 (CCL1) | 0.36 | 0.17, 0.74 | 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.12, 0.80 | 0.02 |
| IFN-γ | 0.71 | 0.47, 1.05 | 0.09 | 0.58 | 0.34, 0.98 | 0.04 |
| IL-1β | 0.72 | 0.38, 1.36 | 0.31 | 0.63 | 0.28, 1.42 | 0.27 |
| IL-2 | 0.54 | 0.29, 1.02 | 0.06 | 0.45 | 0.20, 1.01 | 0.05 |
| IL-4 | 0.52 | 0.25, 1.07 | 0.08 | 0.49 | 0.19, 1.24 | 0.13 |
| IL-6 | 0.60 | 0.34, 1.05 | 0.07 | 0.49 | 0.24, 0.98 | 0.04 |
| IL-8 (CXCL8) | 0.87 | 0.54, 1.39 | 0.55 | 1.00 | 0.53, 1.86 | 0.99 |
| IL-10 | 0.59 | 0.34, 1.02 | 0.06 | 0.60 | 0.30, 1.21 | 0.16 |
| IL-16 | 0.72 | 0.37, 1.37 | 0.31 | 0.79 | 0.34, 1.86 | 0.59 |
| IP-10 (CXCL10) | 0.36 | 0.18, 0.74 | 0.005 | 0.30 | 0.12, 0.74 | 0.01 |
| I-TAC (CXCL11) | 0.58 | 0.36, 0.91 | 0.02 | 0.73 | 0.40, 1.34 | 0.31 |
| MCP-1 (CCL2) | 0.77 | 0.49, 1.23 | 0.27 | 1.25 | 0.64, 2.45 | 0.52 |
| MCP-2 (CCL8) | 0.47 | 0.26, 0.83 | 0.01 | 0.54 | 0.26, 1.13 | 0.10 |
| MCP-3 (CCL7) | 0.47 | 0.26, 0.85 | 0.01 | 0.46 | 0.22, 0.97 | 0.04 |
| MCP-4 (CCL13) | 0.52 | 0.31, 0.85 | 0.01 | 0.72 | 0.37, 1.37 | 0.31 |
| MDC (CCL22) | 0.64 | 0.37, 1.12 | 0.12 | 0.81 | 0.38, 1.69 | 0.57 |
| MIF | 0.37 | 0.16, 0.86 | 0.02 | 0.32 | 0.13, 0.77 | 0.01 |
| MIG (CXCL9) | 0.57 | 0.35, 0.93 | 0.02 | 0.51 | 0.28, 0.94 | 0.03 |
| MIP-1α (CCL3) | 0.42 | 0.16, 1.07 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 0.07, 0.85 | 0.03 |
| MIP-1δ (CCL15) | 0.76 | 0.45, 1.30 | 0.32 | 0.76 | 0.39, 1.48 | 0.42 |
| MIP-3α (CCL20) | 0.51 | 0.21, 1.20 | 0.12 | 0.44 | 0.16, 1.21 | 0.11 |
| MIP-3β (CCL19) | 0.74 | 0.52, 1.05 | 0.09 | 0.76 | 0.48, 1.19 | 0.23 |
| MPIF-1 (CCL23) | 0.69 | 0.45, 1.04 | 0.07 | 0.83 | 0.47, 1.45 | 0.51 |
| SCYB16 (CXCL16) | 0.64 | 0.41, 1.02 | 0.06 | 0.77 | 0.42, 1.42 | 0.41 |
| SDF-1α/β (CXCL12) | 0.55 | 0.32, 0.96 | 0.03 | 0.43 | 0.22, 0.85 | 0.01 |
| TARC (CCL17) | 0.65 | 0.44, 0.97 | 0.03 | 0.65 | 0.39, 1.08 | 0.10 |
| TECK (CCL25) | 0.38 | 0.17, 0.83 | 0.02 | 0.28 | 0.11, 0.70 | 0.01 |
| TNF-α | 0.42 | 0.21, 0.83 | 0.01 | 0.46 | 0.20, 1.06 | 0.07 |
Multinomial logistic regression models were adjusted for maternal education attainment, gestational age, child’s age at blood spot collection, and years from blood spot collection to elution; cytokines/chemokines were ln-transformed and normalized for total protein (pg/mg total protein); OR represents the fold change in the odds of having one diagnosis relative to another diagnosis or no diagnosis for every 1-unit increase in the ln-transformed cytokine/chemokine (or for every e-fold increase in cytokine/chemokine levels); 398 participants comprised the following groups: 121 ASD (severe), 50 ASD (mild), and 158 TD; ASD severity was defined using ADOS severity scores, where ≥7 indicated severe and <7 indicated mild to moderate symptoms; OR = adjusted odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, P = P-value
ASDsev vs ASDmild results are in the Supplementary Table 2.