Table 2B-2:
Adjusted odds ratios comparing neonatal cytokine and chemokine concentrations in ASD (severe, mild to moderate symptoms) and DDa
| ASDsev vs. DD | ASDmild vs. DD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokine | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P |
| 6Ckine (CCL21) | 1.43 | 0.84, 2.42 | 0.19 | 1.64 | 0.85, 3.14 | 0.14 |
| BCA-1 (CXCL13) | 1.35 | 0.67, 2.74 | 0.40 | 1.20 | 0.51, 2.83 | 0.68 |
| CTACK (CCL27) | 1.02 | 0.57, 1.83 | 0.94 | 1.10 | 0.54, 2.25 | 0.80 |
| ENA78 (CXCL5) | 1.29 | 0.98, 1.70 | 0.07 | 1.05 | 0.78, 1.40 | 0.77 |
| Eotaxin (CCL11) | 1.04 | 0.48, 2.26 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.37, 2.58 | 0.96 |
| Eotaxin-2 (CCL24) | 1.13 | 0.85, 1.51 | 0.41 | 1.13 | 0.79, 1.61 | 0.51 |
| Eotaxin-3 (CCL26) | 1.07 | 0.65, 1.76 | 0.78 | 1.15 | 0.62, 2.16 | 0.65 |
| Fractalkine (CX3CL1) | 1.37 | 0.70, 2.67 | 0.36 | 1.12 | 0.52, 2.42 | 0.78 |
| GCP-2 (CXCL6) | 1.39 | 0.70, 2.74 | 0.35 | 1.07 | 0.52, 2.23 | 0.85 |
| Gro-α (CXCL1) | 1.00 | 0.49, 2.05 | 0.995 | 0.92 | 0.40, 2.13 | 0.84 |
| Gro-β (CXCL2) | 1.02 | 0.61, 1.70 | 0.93 | 1.09 | 0.59, 2.03 | 0.78 |
| I-309 (CCL1) | 1.17 | 0.49, 2.80 | 0.73 | 1.00 | 0.34, 2.90 | 0.996 |
| IFN-γ | 1.21 | 0.74, 1.99 | 0.45 | 0.99 | 0.55, 1.81 | 0.98 |
| IL-1β | 1.44 | 0.70, 2.95 | 0.32 | 1.26 | 0.54, 2.95 | 0.59 |
| IL-2 | 1.33 | 0.65, 2.70 | 0.44 | 1.09 | 0.46, 2.61 | 0.84 |
| IL-4 | 1.17 | 0.52, 2.64 | 0.70 | 1.10 | 0.41, 2.99 | 0.85 |
| IL-6 | 1.25 | 0.68, 2.31 | 0.47 | 1.02 | 0.50, 2.08 | 0.97 |
| IL-8 (CXCL8) | 1.05 | 0.59, 1.86 | 0.87 | 1.21 | 0.60, 2.42 | 0.60 |
| IL-10 | 1.25 | 0.72, 2.17 | 0.43 | 1.27 | 0.63, 2.58 | 0.50 |
| IL-16 | 1.34 | 0.71, 2.53 | 0.37 | 1.48 | 0.64, 3.45 | 0.36 |
| IP-10 (CXCL10) | 0.89 | 0.40, 1.99 | 0.77 | 0.73 | 0.28, 1.94 | 0.53 |
| I-TAC (CXCL11) | 1.24 | 0.72, 2.12 | 0.44 | 1.57 | 0.80, 3.10 | 0.19 |
| MCP-1 (CCL2) | 1.07 | 0.62, 1.86 | 0.80 | 1.74 | 0.83, 3.65 | 0.15 |
| MCP-2 (CCL8) | 1.28 | 0.69, 2.38 | 0.43 | 1.47 | 0.67, 3.22 | 0.33 |
| MCP-3 (CCL7) | 1.14 | 0.64, 2.01 | 0.66 | 1.11 | 0.54, 2.28 | 0.77 |
| MCP-4 (CCL13) | 0.75 | 0.42, 1.33 | 0.33 | 1.03 | 0.50, 2.13 | 0.93 |
| MDC (CCL22) | 1.84 | 0.98, 3.43 | 0.06 | 2.30 | 1.03, 5.16 | 0.04 |
| MIF | 1.29 | 0.74, 2.26 | 0.37 | 1.10 | 0.68, 1.77 | 0.71 |
| MIG (CXCL9) | 1.36 | 0.80, 2.31 | 0.26 | 1.21 | 0.64, 2.27 | 0.56 |
| MIP-1α (CCL3) | 1.27 | 0.41, 3.91 | 0.68 | 0.73 | 0.21, 2.60 | 0.63 |
| MIP-1δ (CCL15) | 1.40 | 0.81, 2.44 | 0.23 | 1.39 | 0.71, 2.72 | 0.33 |
| MIP-3α (CCL20) | 1.31 | 0.64, 2.68 | 0.46 | 1.15 | 0.49, 2.67 | 0.75 |
| MIP-3β (CCL19) | 1.21 | 0.82, 1.78 | 0.34 | 1.24 | 0.77, 2.00 | 0.37 |
| MPIF-1 (CCL23) | 1.87 | 1.16, 3.00 | 0.01 | 2.26 | 1.23, 4.16 | 0.01 |
| SCYB16 (CXCL16) | 0.93 | 0.56, 1.56 | 0.79 | 1.13 | 0.59, 2.16 | 0.72 |
| SDF-1α/β (CXCL12) | 1.42 | 0.82, 2.47 | 0.22 | 1.12 | 0.60, 2.10 | 0.72 |
| TARC (CCL17) | 1.21 | 0.77, 1.90 | 0.40 | 1.21 | 0.70, 2.09 | 0.50 |
| TECK (CCL25) | 1.37 | 0.65, 2.86 | 0.41 | 1.01 | 0.47, 2.19 | 0.97 |
| TNF-α | 1.09 | 0.69, 1.71 | 0.71 | 1.21 | 0.62, 2.37 | 0.57 |
Multinomial logistic regression models were adjusted for maternal education attainment, gestational age, child’s age at blood spot collection, and years from blood spot collection to elution; cytokines/chemokines were ln-transformed and normalized for total protein (pg/mg total protein); OR represents the fold change in the odds of having one diagnosis relative to another diagnosis or no diagnosis for every 1-unit increase in the ln-transformed cytokine/chemokine (or for every e-fold increase in cytokine/chemokine levels); 398 participants comprised the following groups: 121 ASD (severe), 50 ASD (mild), and 69 DD; ASD severity was defined using ADOS severity scores, where ≥7 indicated severe and <7 indicated mild to moderate symptoms; OR = adjusted odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, P = P-value