TABLE 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients included in the PANDIA-IRIS study.
| Group A (n = 35) | Group B (n = 38) | |
|---|---|---|
| 12-month intervention | 6-month intervention | |
| Demographic data | ||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 66.3 (58.9; 70.9) | 62.0 (56.0; 69.2) |
| Female gender, n patients (%) | 4 (11.4) | 8 (21.1) |
| Marital civil status a , n patients (%) | 16 (45.7) | 16 (42.1) |
| Caucasian, n patients (%) | 29 (82.9) | 33 (86.8) |
| Education level, n patients (%) | Without training after mandatory school, 11 (31.4) | Without training after mandatory school, 6 (15.8) |
| Professional training, 17 (48.6) | Professional training, 21 (55.3) | |
| General training, 3 (8.6) | General training, 1 (2.6) | |
| Higher education, 2 (5.7) | Higher education, 4 (10.5) | |
| Universities, 2 (5.7) | Universities, 6 (15.8) | |
| Clinical data | ||
| Type 2 diabetes b , n patients (%) | 34 (97.1) | 34 (89.5) |
| Time since diabetes diagnosis (years), median (IQR) | 9.6 (4.7; 16.3) | 9.1 (4.3; 18.8) |
| Missing data n = 1 | ||
| BMI, median (IQR) | 31.3 (27.6; 33.1) | 31.9 (28.1; 34.7) |
| Missing data n = 3 | Missing data n = 3 | |
| Abdominal circumference (cm), median (IQR) | 115 (105–122) | 113 (100–119) |
| Diagnosis of retinopathy, n patients (%) | 8 (22.9) | 17 (44.7) |
| Presence of atrial fibrillation, n patients (%) | 2 (5.7) | 5 (13.2) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), median (IQR) | 135 (125; 152) | 133 (121; 143) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), median (IQR) | 71 (62; 80) | 77 (69; 84) |
| Heart rate, median (IQR) | 72 (62; 79) | 78 (65; 86) |
| HbA1c (%), median (IQR) | 7.6 (6.8; 8.2) | 7.2 (6.8; 8.2) |
| Missing data n = 4 | Missing data n = 9 | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), median (IQR) | 40 (34.2; 42.5) | 43 (37.5; 52.6) |
| Missing data n = 19 | Missing data n = 18 | |
| eGFR decline per year (mL/min/1.73 m2/year), median (IQR) | −2.4 (−4.42; −0.29) | −2.4 (−4.27; −0.84) |
| Creatinine blood concentration (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 128 (88.0; 154.5) | 120 (97.5; 147.1) |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 2.2 (1.85; 2.65) | 2.2 (1.50; 2.60) |
| Missing data n = 7 | Missing data n = 9 | |
| Current or past diagnosis of depression or anxiety, n patients (%) | 11 (31.4) | 6 (15.8) |
| Current smokers, n patients (%) | 11 (31.4) | 14 (36.8) |
| Number of prescribed chronic medications, median (IQR) | 9 (7–12) | 9 (7–12) |
| Previous use of adherence tools, n patients (%) | 21 (60.0) | 19 (50.0) |
| Adherence personal tools used among those who had used an adherence tool, n patients (%) | Electronic pillbox, 6(28.6) | Electronic pillbox, 5 (26.3) |
| Weekly pillbox, 19 (90.5) | Weekly pillbox, 14 (73.7) | |
| Personal items, 2 (9.5) | Personal items, 3 (15.8) | |
| No adherence tools used, n = 14 | No adherence tools used, n = 19 | |
| Stratification list, n patients (%) | Statins, n = 10 | Statins, n = 11 |
| Multi-dose regimen, n = 8 | Multi-dose regimen, n = 10 | |
| Statins and multi-dose regimen, n = 12 | Statins and multi-dose regimen, n = 12 | |
| No statin nor multi-dose regimen, n = 5 | No statin nor multi-dose regimen, n = 5 | |
| Number of EMs dispensed, n patients (%) | 1 EM, n = 5 (14.3) | 1 EM, n = 4 (10.5) |
| 2 EMs, n = 9 (25.7) | 2 EMs, n = 15 (39.5) | |
| 3 EMs, n = 11 (31.4) | 3 EMs, n = 5 (13.2.) | |
| 4 EMs, n = 8 (22.9) | 4 EMs, n = 10 (26.3) | |
| 5 EMs, n = 1 (2.9) | 5 EMs, n = 3 (7.9) | |
| 6 EMs, n = 1 (2.9) | 6 EMs, n = 1 (2.6) | |
| Number of EMs used per patient, median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 2.5 (2–4) |
NB: EM, electronic monitor; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
a
The other patients are in partnership, separated, divorced, widow, or single.
b
The other patients have diabetes type 1, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, post-transplantation, or glucocorticoid-induced diabetes. From October 2019, the eligibility criteria were expanded to include types of diabetes other than type 2, which explains the low proportion of patients in these categories.