TABLE 2.

Summary of study parameters and primary results.

Study	References	Total sample size	Stage 1: M1 (Hz)	Stage 2: PFC (Hz)	Sessions	Change in motor symptoms	Change in non-motor symptoms	Other
1	Spagnolo et al., 2014	27	10	10	12	Yes, motor UPDRS p < 0.001	*	Effect largest in advanced disease
2	Cohen et al., 2016	19	1	10	12	Yes, motor UPDRS p < 0.04	*	Significant total UPDRS change, p < 0.02
3	Torres et al., 2015	45	1	10	12	Yes, motor UPDRS p < 0.0001	Yes, non-motor UPDRS p < 0.0001	Significant improvement remained at 30 day follow-up
4	Cohen et al., 2018	48	1	10	24	No significant difference between active/sham. Within the active there was significant improvement.	*	Primary endpoint was 90 days after treatment initiation. Effect was largest in advanced disease.
5	Spagnolo et al., 2020	60	10	10	12	Yes, total UPDRS worse side p < 0.04, better side p < 0.01	*	Significant improvement in UPDRS tremor subscale.
6	Cont et al., 2022	21	1	10	1–11	No. Trend toward UPDRS decrease (p = 0.1)	Yes, Becks Depression Inventory p = 0.015	Inpatient study. Large range of TMS sessions. Effects largest in advanced disease.

UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. *Not explicitly assessed or reported.